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10RbCl + 12HNO3 → 10RbNO3 + 5Cl2↑ + N2↑ + 6H2O

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Reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid
10RbClRubidium chloride + 12HNO3Nitric acid
⟶
10RbNO3Rubidium nitrate + 5Cl2↑Chlorine + N2↑Nitrogen + 6H2OWater

The reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid yields rubidium nitrate, chlorine, nitrogen, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid
10RbClRubidium chloride + 12HNO3Nitric acid
⟶
10RbNO3Rubidium nitrate + 5Cl2↑Chlorine + N2↑Nitrogen + 6H2OWater

General equation

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
RbClRubidium chloride10
Reducing
Hardly oxidizable
HNO3Nitric acid12
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
RbNO3Rubidium nitrate10
–
–
Cl2Chlorine5
Oxidized
–
N2Nitrogen1
Reduced
–
H2OWater6
–
–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−334.05 kJ/mol
K3.33 × 1058
pK−58.52
10RbClCrystalline solid + 12HNO3Liquid
⟶
10RbNO3Crystalline solid + 5Cl2↑Gas + N2↑Gas + 6H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−222.78−334.05373.2−170.8
per 1 mol of
−22.278−33.40537.32−17.08
per 1 mol of
−18.565−27.83831.10−14.23
per 1 mol of
−22.278−33.40537.32−17.08
per 1 mol of
−44.556−66.81074.64−34.16
per 1 mol of
−222.78−334.05373.2−170.8
per 1 mol of
−37.130−55.67562.20−28.47

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG111.83 kJ/mol
K0.26 × 10−19
pK19.59
10RbClIonized aqueous solution + 12HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
10RbNO3Ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl2↑Gas + N2↑Gas + 6H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
371.34111.83867.7–
per 1 mol of
37.13411.18386.77–
per 1 mol of
30.9459.319272.31–
per 1 mol of
37.13411.18386.77–
per 1 mol of
74.26822.366173.5–
per 1 mol of
371.34111.83867.7–
per 1 mol of
61.89018.638144.6–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of rubidium chloride and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG146.53 kJ/mol
K0.21 × 10−25
pK25.67
10RbClIonized aqueous solution + 12HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
10RbNO3Ionized aqueous solution + 5Cl2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + N2↑Gas + 6H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
254.3146.53357–
per 1 mol of
25.4314.65335.7–
per 1 mol of
21.1912.21129.8–
per 1 mol of
25.4314.65335.7–
per 1 mol of
50.8629.30671.4–
per 1 mol of
254.3146.53357–
per 1 mol of
42.3824.42259.5–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
RbCl (cr)-435.35[1]-407.80[1]95.90[1]52.38[1]
RbCl (g)-228.9[1]-247.3[1]249.56[1]36.82[1]
RbCl (ai)-418.32[1]-415.20[1]177.99[1]–
HNO3 (l)-174.10[1]-80.71[1]155.60[1]109.87[1]
HNO3 (g)-135.06[1]-74.72[1]266.38[1]53.35[1]
HNO3 (ai)-207.36[1]-111.25[1]146.4[1]-86.6[1]
HNO3 (l)
1 hydrate
-473.46[1]-328.77[1]216.90[1]182.46[1]
HNO3 (l)
3 hydrate
-1056.04[1]-811.09[1]346.98[1]325.14[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
RbNO3 (cr)-495.05[1]-395.78[1]147.3[1]102.1[1]
RbNO3 (ai)-458.52[1]-395.24[1]267.8[1]–
Cl2 (g)0[1]0[1]223.066[1]33.907[1]
Cl2 (ao)-23.4[1]6.94[1]121[1]–
N2 (g)0[1]0[1]191.61[1]29.125[1]
H2O (cr)––––
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)