10Na[AuCl4] + 16KMnO4 + 24H2O ๐ฅโ 10NaClO4 + 9Mn(OH)2 + 7MnCl2 + 10Au(OH)3 + 16KCl
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- Reaction of sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
The reaction of sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III), potassium permanganate, and water yields sodium perchlorate, manganese(II) hydroxide, manganese(II) chloride, gold(III) hydroxide, and potassium chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent โถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and potassium permanganate under neutral condition
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na[AuCl4] | Sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) | 10 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 16 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
H2O | Water | 24 | โ | Water |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 10 | Oxidized | โ |
Mn(OH)2 | Manganese(II) hydroxide | 9 | Reduced | โ |
MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 7 | Reduced | โ |
Au(OH)3 | Gold(III) hydroxide | 10 | โ | โ |
KCl | Potassium chloride | 16 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and potassium permanganate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG 1209.3 kJ/mol K 0.14 ร 10โ211 pK 211.86
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | 1209.3 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 120.93 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 75.581 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 50.387 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 120.93 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 134.37 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 172.76 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 120.93 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 75.581 | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of sodium tetrachloridoaurate(III) and potassium permanganate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG 1200.9 kJ/mol K 0.41 ร 10โ210 pK 210.39
Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | 1200.9 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 120.09 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 75.056 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 50.038 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 120.09 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 133.43 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 171.56 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 120.09 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | 75.056 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na[AuCl4] (ai) | -562.3[1] | -497.04[1] | 325.9[1] | โ |
KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | โ |
NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | โ |
NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | โ |
Mn(OH)2 (am) precipitated | -695.4[1] | -615.0[1] | 99.2[1] | โ |
MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | โ | โ | โ |
MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
MnCl2 (ao) | โ | -492.0[1] | โ | โ |
MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | โ |
MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | โ |
MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | โ |
Au(OH)3 (cr) precipitated | -424.7[1] | -316.92[1] | 189.5[1] | โ |
Au(OH)3 (ao) | โ | -283.37[1] | โ | โ |
KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -562.3 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -497.04 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 325.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -837.2 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -737.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 171.71 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 117.57 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -793.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -730.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 293.7 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -60.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -383.30 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -254.85 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 142.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -369.45 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -270.41 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 241.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -677.77 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -494.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 190.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -695.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -615.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 99.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -481.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -440.50 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 118.24 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 72.93 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -263.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -555.05 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -490.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 38.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -222. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -492.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -789.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -696.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 174.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1092.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -942.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 218.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1687.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1423.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 303.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -424.7 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -316.92 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 189.5 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -283.37 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -436.747 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -409.14 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 82.59 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 51.30 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -214.14 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -233.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 239.10 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 36.48 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -419.53 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -414.49 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 159.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -114.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1