11HCl + 2Al(NO3)3 🔥→ 5HClO3 + 3N2 + 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
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- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and aluminium nitrate
The reaction of hydrogen chloride and aluminium nitrate yields chloric acid, , aluminium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and aluminium nitrate
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and aluminium nitrate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 11 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Al(NO3)3 | Aluminium nitrate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO3 | Chloric acid | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| 3 | Reduced | – | ||
| AlCl3 | Aluminium chloride | 2 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 3 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and aluminium nitrate◆
ΔrG 574 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−100 pK 100.56
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 705 | 574 | 434.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 64.1 | 52.2 | 39.53 | – |
per 1 mol of | 353 | 287 | 217.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 141 | 115 | 86.96 | – |
| 235 | 191 | 144.9 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 353 | 287 | 217.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 235 | 191 | 144.9 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| Al(NO3)3 (ai) | -1155[1] | -820[1] | 117.6[1] | – |
| Al(NO3)3 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2850.48[1] | -2203.39[1] | 467.8[1] | 433.0[1] |
| Al(NO3)3 (cr) 9 hydrate | -3757.06[1] | – | – | – |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO3 (ai) | -103.97[1] | -7.95[1] | 162.3[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 191.61[1] | 29.125[1] |
| AlCl3 (cr) | -704.2[1] | -628.8[1] | 110.67[1] | 91.84[1] |
| AlCl3 (g) | -583.2[1] | – | – | – |
| AlCl3 (ai) | -1033[1] | -879[1] | -152.3[1] | – |
| AlCl3 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2691.6[1] | -2261.1[1] | 318.0[1] | 296.2[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1155. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -820. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2850.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2203.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 467.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 433.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3757.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -103.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -7.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 162.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 191.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.125 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -704.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -628.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 91.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -583.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1033. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -879. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -152.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2691.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2261.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 318.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 296.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1