12HCl + 2Ag2CrO4 + 4H+ 🔥→ 3Cl2 + 2CrCl3 + 4Ag+ + 8H2O
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- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition
- 12HClHydrogen chloride + 2Ag2CrO4Silver(I) chromate + 4H+Hydrogen ion3 + 2CrCl3Chromium(III) chloride + 4Ag+Silver(I) ion + 8H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of hydrogen chloride, silver(I) chromate, and hydrogen ion yields , chromium(III) chloride, silver(I) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition
- 12HClHydrogen chloride + 2Ag2CrO4Silver(I) chromate + 4H+Hydrogen ion3 + 2CrCl3Chromium(III) chloride + 4Ag+Silver(I) ion + 8H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 12 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Ag2CrO4 | Silver(I) chromate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 4 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Oxidized | – | ||
| CrCl3 | Chromium(III) chloride | 2 | Reduced | – |
| Ag+ | Silver(I) ion | 4 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 8 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 161.0 kJ/mol K 0.62 × 10−28 pK 28.21
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 368.5 | 161.0 | 695.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 30.71 | 13.42 | 57.97 | – |
per 1 mol of | 184.3 | 80.50 | 347.8 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 92.13 | 40.25 | 173.9 | – |
| 122.8 | 53.67 | 231.9 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 184.3 | 80.50 | 347.8 | – |
per 1 mol of Silver(I) ion | 92.13 | 40.25 | 173.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | 46.06 | 20.13 | 86.95 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 181.8 kJ/mol K 0.14 × 10−31 pK 31.85
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 298.3 | 181.8 | 389 | – |
per 1 mol of | 24.86 | 15.15 | 32.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 149.2 | 90.90 | 195 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 74.58 | 45.45 | 97.3 | – |
| 99.43 | 60.60 | 130 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 149.2 | 90.90 | 195 | – |
per 1 mol of Silver(I) ion | 74.58 | 45.45 | 97.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 37.29 | 22.73 | 48.6 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| Ag2CrO4 (cr) | -731.74[1] | -641.76[1] | 217.6[1] | 142.26[1] |
| Ag2CrO4 (ai) | -669.98[1] | -573.52[1] | 195.8[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| CrCl3 (cr) | -556.5[1] | -486.1[1] | 123.0[1] | 91.80[1] |
| Ag+ (g) | 1021.73[1] | – | – | – |
| Ag+ (ao) | 105.579[1] | 77.107[1] | 72.68[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -731.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -641.76 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 217.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 142.26 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -669.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -573.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 195.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -556.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -486.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 123.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 91.80 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1021.73 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 105.579 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 77.107 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.68 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1