12H2SO4 + 14e− → S22− + 8H3O+ + 10SO42−
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- Reduction of sulfuric acid
Reduction of sulfuric acid yields disulfide ion, hydronium ion, and sulfate ion (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reduction of sulfuric acid
General equation
- Reduction of reducible species
- ReactantOxidizing agent + e− ⟶ ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reduction of sulfuric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid | 12 | Oxidizing | – |
| e− | Electron | 14 | – | Electron |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S22− | Disulfide ion | 1 | Reduced | – |
| H3O+ | Hydronium ion | 8 | – | – |
| SO42− | Sulfate ion | 10 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reduction of sulfuric acid◆
ΔrG −328.5 kJ/mol K 3.55 × 1057 pK −57.55 - 12H2SO4Ionized aqueous solution + 14e−S22−Un-ionized aqueous solution + 8H3O+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 10SO42−Un-ionized aqueous solution⟶
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −438.0 | −328.5 | 547.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −36.50 | −27.38 | 45.63 | – |
per 1 mol of Electron | −31.29 | −23.46 | 39.11 | – |
per 1 mol of Disulfide ion | −438.0 | −328.5 | 547.6 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydronium ion | −54.75 | −41.06 | 68.45 | – |
per 1 mol of Sulfate ion | −43.80 | −32.85 | 54.76 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2SO4 (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2SO4 (l) | -813.989[1] | -690.003[1] | 156.904[1] | 138.91[1] |
| H2SO4 (ai) | -909.27[1] | -744.53[1] | 20.1[1] | -293[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 1 hydrate | -1127.621[1] | -950.383[1] | 211.54[1] | 214.85[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -1427.100[1] | -1199.650[1] | 276.40[1] | 260.83[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 3 hydrate | -1720.402[1] | -1443.980[1] | 345.39[1] | 318.95[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 4 hydrate | -2011.199[1] | -1685.863[1] | 414.59[1] | 382.21[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 6.5 hydrate | -2733.256[1] | -2285.734[1] | 587.89[1] | 570.28[1] |
| e− | – | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S22− (ao) | 30.1[1] | 79.5[1] | 28.5[1] | – |
| H3O+ (ao) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| SO42− (ao) | -909.27[1] | -744.53[1] | 20.1[1] | -293[1] |
* (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -813.989 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -690.003 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 156.904 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -909.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -744.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 20.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -293. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1127.621 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -950.383 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 211.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 214.85 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1427.100 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1199.650 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 276.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 260.83 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1720.402 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1443.980 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 345.39 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 318.95 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2011.199 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1685.863 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 414.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 382.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2733.256 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2285.734 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 587.89 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 570.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 30.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 28.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -909.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -744.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 20.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -293. J · K−1 · mol−1