135NaCl + 65RbClO4 + 135H+ 🔥→ 135Na+ + 104ClO2↑ + 65RbCl + 31HCl↑ + 52H2O
Last updated:
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 135NaClSodium chloride + 65RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 135H+Hydrogen ion135Na+Sodium ion + 104ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 65RbClRubidium chloride + 31HCl↑Hydrogen chloride + 52H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, rubidium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, chlorine dioxide, rubidium chloride, hydrogen chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 135NaClSodium chloride + 65RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 135H+Hydrogen ion135Na+Sodium ion + 104ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 65RbClRubidium chloride + 31HCl↑Hydrogen chloride + 52H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 135 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| RbClO4 | Rubidium perchlorate | 65 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 135 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 135 | – | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 104 | Redoxed product | – |
| RbCl | Rubidium chloride | 65 | – | – |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 31 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 52 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 6988.0 kJ/mol K 0.57 × 10−1224 pK 1224.24
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 13041.6 | 6988.0 | 20368.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 96.6044 | 51.763 | 150.876 | – |
per 1 mol of | 200.640 | 107.51 | 313.357 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 96.6044 | 51.763 | 150.876 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 96.6044 | 51.763 | 150.876 | – |
per 1 mol of | 125.400 | 67.192 | 195.848 | – |
per 1 mol of | 200.640 | 107.51 | 313.357 | – |
per 1 mol of | 420.697 | 225.42 | 657.039 | – |
per 1 mol of | 250.800 | 134.38 | 391.696 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 5874.2 kJ/mol K 0.77 × 10−1029 pK 1029.12
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 10721.2 | 5874.2 | 16325.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 79.4163 | 43.513 | 120.930 | – |
per 1 mol of | 164.942 | 90.372 | 251.162 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 79.4163 | 43.513 | 120.930 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 79.4163 | 43.513 | 120.930 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.088 | 56.483 | 156.976 | – |
per 1 mol of | 164.942 | 90.372 | 251.162 | – |
per 1 mol of | 345.845 | 189.49 | 526.629 | – |
per 1 mol of | 206.177 | 112.97 | 313.952 | – |
Changes in standard condition (3)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 6946.4 kJ/mol K 0.11 × 10−1216 pK 1216.96
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 10171.2 | 6946.4 | 10796.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 75.3422 | 51.455 | 79.9704 | – |
per 1 mol of | 156.480 | 106.87 | 166.092 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 75.3422 | 51.455 | 79.9704 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 75.3422 | 51.455 | 79.9704 | – |
per 1 mol of | 97.8000 | 66.792 | 103.808 | – |
per 1 mol of | 156.480 | 106.87 | 166.092 | – |
per 1 mol of | 328.103 | 224.08 | 348.258 | – |
per 1 mol of | 195.600 | 133.58 | 207.615 | – |
Changes in standard condition (4)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 5832.6 kJ/mol K 0.15 × 10−1021 pK 1021.83
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 7850.8 | 5832.6 | 6753.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 58.154 | 43.204 | 50.025 | – |
per 1 mol of | 120.78 | 89.732 | 103.90 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 58.154 | 43.204 | 50.025 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 58.154 | 43.204 | 50.025 | – |
per 1 mol of | 75.488 | 56.083 | 64.937 | – |
per 1 mol of | 120.78 | 89.732 | 103.90 | – |
per 1 mol of | 253.25 | 188.15 | 217.85 | – |
per 1 mol of | 150.98 | 112.17 | 129.87 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| RbClO4 (cr) | -437.23[1] | -306.90[1] | 161.1[1] | – |
| RbClO4 (ai) | -380.49[1] | -292.51[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| RbCl (cr) | -435.35[1] | -407.80[1] | 95.90[1] | 52.38[1] |
| RbCl (g) | -228.9[1] | -247.3[1] | 249.56[1] | 36.82[1] |
| RbCl (ai) | -418.32[1] | -415.20[1] | 177.99[1] | – |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -437.23 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -306.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -380.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -435.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -407.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 95.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -228.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -247.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.56 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.82 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -418.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -415.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 177.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1