13MgCl2 + 16KMnO4 🔥→ 5Mg(ClO4)2 + 8MgO + 16MnO + 16KCl
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The reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate yields magnesium perchlorate, magnesium oxide, manganese(II) oxide, and potassium chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MgCl2 | Magnesium chloride | 13 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 16 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg(ClO4)2 | Magnesium perchlorate | 5 | Oxidized | – |
| MgO | Magnesium oxide | 8 | – | – |
| MnO | Manganese(II) oxide | 16 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 16 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 952.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.27 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 59.53 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 190.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 119.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 59.53 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 59.53 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution
- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG 1685.5 kJ/mol K 0.52 × 10−295 pK 295.29
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1828.4 | 1685.5 | 479.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 140.65 | 129.65 | 36.86 | – |
per 1 mol of | 114.28 | 105.34 | 29.95 | – |
per 1 mol of | 365.68 | 337.10 | 95.84 | – |
per 1 mol of | 228.55 | 210.69 | 59.90 | – |
per 1 mol of | 114.28 | 105.34 | 29.95 | – |
per 1 mol of | 114.28 | 105.34 | 29.95 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MgCl2 (cr) | -641.32[1] | -591.79[1] | 89.62[1] | 71.38[1] |
| MgCl2 (g) | -400.4[1] | – | – | – |
| MgCl2 (ai) | -801.15[1] | -717.1[1] | -25.1[1] | – |
| MgCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -966.63[1] | -861.74[1] | 137.2[1] | 115.27[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1279.72[1] | -1118.00[1] | 179.9[1] | 159.20[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1898.99[1] | -1623.29[1] | 264.0[1] | 241.42[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2499.02[1] | -2114.64[1] | 366.1[1] | 315.06[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) | -568.90[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (ai) | -725.51[1] | -471.8[1] | 225.9[1] | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1218.8[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1837.2[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2445.5[1] | -1862.7[1] | 520.9[1] | – |
| MgO (cr) | -597.98[1] | -565.95[1] | 27.91[1] | 37.66[1] |
| MgO (g) | 17[1] | – | – | – |
| MnO (cr) | -385.22[1] | -362.90[1] | 59.71[1] | 45.44[1] |
| MnO (g) | 124.22[1] | – | – | – |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -641.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -591.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 89.62 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -400.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -801.15 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -717.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -25.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -966.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -861.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 137.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 115.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1279.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1118.00 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 179.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 159.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1898.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1623.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 241.42 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2499.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2114.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 366.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 315.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -568.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -725.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -471.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 225.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1218.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2445.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1862.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 520.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -597.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -565.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 27.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.66 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 17. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -385.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -362.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.44 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 124.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1