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16Cu + 2NH4ClO4 → 2CuCl + 7Cu2O + 2NH3↑ + H2O

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Reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate
16CuCopper + 2NH4ClO4Ammonium perchlorate
⟶
2CuClCopper(I) chloride + 7Cu2OCopper(I) oxide + 2NH3↑Ammonia + H2OWater

The reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate yields copper(I) chloride, copper(I) oxide, ammonia, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate
16CuCopper + 2NH4ClO4Ammonium perchlorate
⟶
2CuClCopper(I) chloride + 7Cu2OCopper(I) oxide + 2NH3↑Ammonia + H2OWater

General equation

Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species
Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CuCopper16
Reducing
Oxidizable
NH4ClO4Ammonium perchlorate2
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CuClCopper(I) chloride2
Redoxed product
–
Cu2OCopper(I) oxide7
Oxidized
–
NH3Ammonia2
–
–
H2OWater1
–
–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate
◆
ΔrG−1354.2 kJ/mol
K1.76 × 10237
pK−237.25
16CuCrystalline solid + 2NH4ClO4Crystalline solid
⟶
2CuClCrystalline solid + 7Cu2OCrystalline solid + 2NH3↑Gas + H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1242.0−1354.2376.4–
per 1 mol of
−77.625−84.63823.52–
−621.00−677.10188.2–
per 1 mol of
−621.00−677.10188.2–
per 1 mol of
−177.43−193.4653.77–
per 1 mol of
−621.00−677.10188.2–
per 1 mol of
−1242.0−1354.2376.4–

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate
◆
ΔrG−1356.1 kJ/mol
K3.79 × 10237
pK−237.58
16CuCrystalline solid + 2NH4ClO4Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2CuClCrystalline solid + 7Cu2OCrystalline solid + 2NH3↑Gas + H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1309.0−1356.1158.0–
per 1 mol of
−81.813−84.7569.875–
−654.50−678.0579.00–
per 1 mol of
−654.50−678.0579.00–
per 1 mol of
−187.00−193.7322.57–
per 1 mol of
−654.50−678.0579.00–
per 1 mol of
−1309.0−1356.1158.0–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of copper and ammonium perchlorate
◆
ΔrG−1376.2 kJ/mol
K1.26 × 10241
pK−241.10
16CuCrystalline solid + 2NH4ClO4Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2CuClCrystalline solid + 7Cu2OCrystalline solid + 2NH3↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−1377.4−1376.2−4.3–
per 1 mol of
−86.088−86.013−0.27–
−688.70−688.10−2.1–
per 1 mol of
−688.70−688.10−2.1–
per 1 mol of
−196.77−196.60−0.61–
per 1 mol of
−688.70−688.10−2.1–
per 1 mol of
−1377.4−1376.2−4.3–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Cu (cr)0[1]0[1]33.150[1]24.435[1]
Cu (g)338.32[1]298.58[1]166.38[1]20.786[1]
NH4ClO4 (cr)-295.31[1]-88.75[1]186.2[1]–
NH4ClO4 (ai)-261.83[1]-87.83[1]295.4[1]–
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
CuCl (cr)-137.2[1]-119.86[1]86.2[1]48.5[1]
Cu2O (cr)-168.6[1]-146.0[1]93.14[1]63.64[1]
NH3 (g)-46.11[1]-16.45[1]192.45[1]35.06[1]
NH3 (ao)-80.29[1]-26.50[1]111.3[1]–
H2O (cr)––––
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)