16KI + 2NaClO4 + 8H2O ๐ฅโ 16KOH + 7I2 + Cl2โ + 2NaI
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- Reaction of potassium iodide and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
- 16KIPotassium iodide + 2NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 8H2OWater16KOHPotassium hydroxide + 7 + โ + 2NaISodium iodide๐ฅโถ
The reaction of potassium iodide, sodium perchlorate, and water yields potassium hydroxide, , , and sodium iodide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of potassium iodide and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
- 16KIPotassium iodide + 2NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 8H2OWater16KOHPotassium hydroxide + 7 + โ + 2NaISodium iodide๐ฅโถ
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under neutral condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H2ONon-redox agent โถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of potassium iodide and sodium perchlorate under neutral condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI | Potassium iodide | 16 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
| H2O | Water | 8 | โ | Water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KOH | Potassium hydroxide | 16 | โ | โ |
| 7 | Oxidized | โ | ||
| 1 | Reduced | โ | ||
| NaI | Sodium iodide | 2 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of potassium iodide and sodium perchlorate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG 967.60 kJ/mol K 0.30 ร 10โ169 pK 169.52
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 927.86 | 967.60 | โ49.5 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 57.991 | 60.475 | โ3.09 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 463.93 | 483.80 | โ24.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 115.98 | 120.95 | โ6.19 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 57.991 | 60.475 | โ3.09 | โ |
| 132.55 | 138.23 | โ7.07 | โ | |
| 927.86 | 967.60 | โ49.5 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | 463.93 | 483.80 | โ24.8 | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of potassium iodide and sodium perchlorate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG 235.31 kJ/mol K 0.60 ร 10โ41 pK 41.22
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ203.7 | 235.31 | โ1472.4 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ12.73 | 14.707 | โ92.025 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ101.8 | 117.66 | โ736.20 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ25.46 | 29.414 | โ184.05 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ12.73 | 14.707 | โ92.025 | โ |
| โ29.10 | 33.616 | โ210.34 | โ | |
| โ203.7 | 235.31 | โ1472.4 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ101.8 | 117.66 | โ736.20 | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of potassium iodide and sodium perchlorate under neutral conditionโ
ฮrG 242.25 kJ/mol K 0.36 ร 10โ42 pK 42.44
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ227.1 | 242.25 | โ1574 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ14.19 | 15.141 | โ98.38 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ113.5 | 121.13 | โ787.0 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ28.39 | 30.281 | โ196.8 | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ14.19 | 15.141 | โ98.38 | โ |
| โ32.44 | 34.607 | โ224.9 | โ | |
| โ227.1 | 242.25 | โ1574 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ113.5 | 121.13 | โ787.0 | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KI (cr) | -327.900[1] | -324.892[1] | 106.32[1] | 52.93[1] |
| KI (g) | -125.5[1] | -166.1[1] | 258.3[1] | 37.11[1] |
| KI (ai) | -307.57[1] | -334.85[1] | 213.8[1] | -120.5[1] |
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | โ |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | โ |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | โ |
| H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KOH (cr) | -424.764[1] | -379.08[1] | 78.9[1] | 64.9[1] |
| KOH (g) | -231.0[1] | -232.6[1] | 238.3[1] | 49.20[1] |
| KOH (ai) | -482.37[1] | -440.50[1] | 91.6[1] | -126.8[1] |
| KOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -748.9[1] | -645.1[1] | 117.2[1] | โ |
| KOH (cr) 2 hydrate | -1051.0[1] | -887.3[1] | 150.6[1] | โ |
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 116.135[1] | 54.438[1] |
| (g) | 62.438[1] | 19.327[1] | 260.69[1] | 36.90[1] |
| (ao) | 22.6[1] | 16.40[1] | 137.2[1] | โ |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | โ |
| NaI (cr) | -287.78[1] | -286.06[1] | 98.53[1] | 52.09[1] |
| NaI (g) | -79.5[1] | -121.0[1] | 248.978[1] | 36.65[1] |
| NaI (ai) | -295.31[1] | -313.47[1] | 170.3[1] | -95.8[1] |
| NaI (cr) 1 hydrate | -883.096[1] | -771.10[1] | 196.2[1] | โ |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
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- ^ Cpยฐ, 52.93 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -125.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -166.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 258.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 37.11 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -307.57 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -334.85 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 213.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -120.5 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -383.30 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -254.85 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 142.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -369.45 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -270.41 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 241.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -677.77 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -494.29 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 190.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -424.764 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -379.08 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 78.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 64.9 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -231.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -232.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 238.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 49.20 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -482.37 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -440.50 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 91.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -126.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -748.9 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -645.1 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 117.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1051.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -887.3 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 150.6 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
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- ^ Sยฐ, 116.135 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 54.438 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 62.438 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 19.327 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 260.69 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 36.90 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 22.6 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 16.40 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 137.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 223.066 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.907 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -23.4 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 6.94 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 121. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -287.78 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -286.06 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 98.53 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 52.09 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -79.5 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -121.0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 248.978 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 36.65 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -295.31 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -313.47 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 170.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -95.8 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -883.096 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -771.10 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 196.2 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1