18NaCl + 2Al(NO3)3 + 24H+ 🔥→ 18Na+ + 9Cl2↑ + 6NO↑ + 2Al3+ + 12H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and aluminium nitrate under acidic condition
- 18NaClSodium chloride + 2Al(NO3)3Aluminium nitrate + 24H+Hydrogen ion18Na+Sodium ion + 9↑ + 6NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 2Al3+Aluminium ion + 12H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, aluminium nitrate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, , nitrogen monoxide, aluminium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and aluminium nitrate under acidic condition
- 18NaClSodium chloride + 2Al(NO3)3Aluminium nitrate + 24H+Hydrogen ion18Na+Sodium ion + 9↑ + 6NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + 2Al3+Aluminium ion + 12H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and aluminium nitrate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 18 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Al(NO3)3 | Aluminium nitrate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 24 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 18 | – | – |
| 9 | Oxidized | – | ||
| NO | Nitrogen monoxide | 6 | Reduced | – |
| Al3+ | Aluminium ion | 2 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 12 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and aluminium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 706 kJ/mol K 0.21 × 10−123 pK 123.69
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1368 | 706 | 2215.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 76.00 | 39.2 | 123.08 | – |
per 1 mol of | 684.0 | 353 | 1107.8 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 57.00 | 29.4 | 92.313 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 76.00 | 39.2 | 123.08 | – |
| 152.0 | 78.4 | 246.17 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 228.0 | 118 | 369.25 | – |
per 1 mol of Aluminium ion | 684.0 | 353 | 1107.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 114.0 | 58.8 | 184.63 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and aluminium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 768 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−134 pK 134.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1158 | 768 | 1297 | – |
per 1 mol of | 64.33 | 42.7 | 72.06 | – |
per 1 mol of | 579.0 | 384 | 648.5 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 48.25 | 32.0 | 54.04 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 64.33 | 42.7 | 72.06 | – |
| 128.7 | 85.3 | 144.1 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 193.0 | 128 | 216.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Aluminium ion | 579.0 | 384 | 648.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 96.50 | 64.0 | 108.1 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| Al(NO3)3 (ai) | -1155[1] | -820[1] | 117.6[1] | – |
| Al(NO3)3 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2850.48[1] | -2203.39[1] | 467.8[1] | 433.0[1] |
| Al(NO3)3 (cr) 9 hydrate | -3757.06[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| NO (g) | 90.25[1] | 86.55[1] | 210.761[1] | 29.844[1] |
| Al3+ (g) | 5483.17[1] | – | – | – |
| Al3+ (ao) | -531[1] | -485[1] | -321.7[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1155. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -820. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2850.48 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2203.39 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 467.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 433.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3757.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 90.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 86.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.761 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.844 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5483.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -531. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -485. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -321.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1