19NaCl + 8Ag2CrO4 + 40H+ → 3NaClO4 + 16Na+ + 8Cr3+ + 16AgCl + 20H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition
- 19NaClSodium chloride + 8Ag2CrO4Silver(I) chromate + 40H+Hydrogen ion3NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 16Na+Sodium ion + 8Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 16AgClSilver(I) chloride + 20H2OWater⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, silver(I) chromate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium perchlorate, sodium ion, chromium(III) ion, silver(I) chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition
- 19NaClSodium chloride + 8Ag2CrO4Silver(I) chromate + 40H+Hydrogen ion3NaClO4Sodium perchlorate + 16Na+Sodium ion + 8Cr3+Chromium(III) ion + 16AgClSilver(I) chloride + 20H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and silver(I) chromate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 19 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Ag2CrO4 | Silver(I) chromate | 8 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 40 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 | Sodium perchlorate | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 16 | – | – |
| Cr3+ | Chromium(III) ion | 8 | Reduced | – |
| AgCl | Silver(I) chloride | 16 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 20 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| Ag2CrO4 (cr) | -731.74[1] | -641.76[1] | 217.6[1] | 142.26[1] |
| Ag2CrO4 (ai) | -669.98[1] | -573.52[1] | 195.8[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO4 (cr) | -383.30[1] | -254.85[1] | 142.3[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (ai) | -369.45[1] | -270.41[1] | 241.0[1] | – |
| NaClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -677.77[1] | -494.29[1] | 190.8[1] | – |
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| Cr3+ (g) | 5648.4[1] | – | – | – |
| AgCl (cr) | -127.068[1] | -109.789[1] | 96.2[1] | 50.79[1] |
| AgCl (g) | – | – | 245.92[1] | 35.86[1] |
| AgCl (ai) | -61.580[1] | -54.120[1] | 129.3[1] | -114.6[1] |
| AgCl (ao) | -72.8[1] | -72.8[1] | 154.0[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -731.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -641.76 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 217.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 142.26 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -669.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -573.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 195.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -383.30 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -254.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -270.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 241.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -494.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 190.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5648.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -127.068 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -109.789 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 96.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.79 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ S°, 245.92 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -61.580 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -54.120 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 129.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -72.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -72.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 154.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1