C5H11Cl + OH− → C5H11OH + Cl−
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The reaction of and hydroxide ion yields and chloride ion. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
General equation
- Substitution reaction of alkyl halide and hydroxide ion
- Alkyl halideLewis acid + OH−Lewis base ⟶ AlcoholLewis conjugate + Halogenide ion
Oxidation state of each atom
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Lewis acid | Alkyl halide | ||
OH− | Hydroxide ion | 1 | Lewis base | Hydroxide ion |
Products
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(l) | -213.2[1] | – | – | – |
(g) | -175.0[1] | -37.4[1] | 397.0[1] | 130.5[1] |
OH− (g) | -143.5[2] | – | – | – |
OH− (ao) | -229.994[2] | -157.244[2] | -10.75[2] | -148.5[2] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
– | – | – | – | |
Cl− (g) | -233.13[2] | – | – | – |
Cl− (ao) | -167.159[2] | -131.228[2] | 56.5[2] | -136.4[2] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -213.2 kJ · mol−1 - p.953
- ^ ΔfH°, -175.0 kJ · mol−1 - p.953
- ^ ΔfG°, -37.4 kJ · mol−1 - p.953
- ^ S°, 397.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.953
- ^ Cp°, 130.5 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.953
- 2Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)