C9H18 + 9O2 → 9CO + 9H2O
Last updated:
Incomplete combustion of yields carbon monoxide and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
General equation
- HydrocarbonReducing agent + Oxidizing agent ⟶ COOxidation product + H2OReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
Reactants
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO | Carbon monoxide | 9 | Redoxed product | Carbon monoxide |
| H2O | Water | 9 | Reduced | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g) | -103.5[1] | 112.7[1] | 501.5[1] | 201.0[1] |
| (g) | 0[2] | 0[2] | 205.138[2] | 29.355[2] |
| (ao) | -11.7[2] | 16.4[2] | 110.9[2] | – |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CO (g) | -110.525[2] | -137.168[2] | 197.674[2] | 29.142[2] |
| CO (ao) | -120.96[2] | -119.90[2] | 104.6[2] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[2] | -237.129[2] | 69.91[2] | 75.291[2] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[2] | -228.572[2] | 188.825[2] | 33.577[2] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -103.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.978
- ^ ΔfG°, 112.7 kJ · mol−1 - p.978
- ^ S°, 501.5 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.978
- ^ Cp°, 201.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.978
- 2Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 205.138 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.355 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -11.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 16.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -110.525 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -137.168 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 197.674 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.142 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -119.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 104.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1