(NH4)2CO3 + 2KOH → K2CO3 + 2NH3↑ + 2H2O
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The reaction of ammonium carbonate and potassium hydroxide yields potassium carbonate, ammonia, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium carbonate and potassium hydroxide
General equation
- Reaction of salt of weak base and strong base
- Salt of weak baseBrønsted acid + Strong baseBrønsted base ⟶ Salt of strong baseConjugate acid + Weak baseConjugate base + (H2O)
- Reaction of volatile acid and non volatile base
- Salt of volatile baseBrønsted acid + Nonvolatile baseBrønsted base ⟶ Salt of non volatile baseConjugate acid + Volatile baseConjugate base + (H2O)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium carbonate and potassium hydroxide
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
(NH4)2CO3 | Ammonium carbonate | 1 | Brønsted acid | Salt of weak base Salt of volatile base |
KOH | Potassium hydroxide | 2 | Brønsted base | Strong base Nonvolatile base |
Products
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium carbonate and potassium hydroxide◆
ΔrG −34.10 kJ/mol K 9.42 × 105 pK −5.97
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 61.11 | −34.10 | 319.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 61.11 | −34.10 | 319.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 30.55 | −17.05 | 159.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 61.11 | −34.10 | 319.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 30.55 | −17.05 | 159.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 30.55 | −17.05 | 159.8 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium carbonate and potassium hydroxide◆
ΔrG −54.20 kJ/mol K 3.13 × 109 pK −9.50
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −7.25 | −54.20 | 157.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −7.25 | −54.20 | 157.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −3.63 | −27.10 | 78.70 | – |
per 1 mol of | −7.25 | −54.20 | 157.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −3.63 | −27.10 | 78.70 | – |
per 1 mol of | −3.63 | −27.10 | 78.70 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
(NH4)2CO3 (ai) | -942.15[1] | -686.42[1] | 169.9[1] | – |
KOH (cr) | -424.764[1] | -379.08[1] | 78.9[1] | 64.9[1] |
KOH (g) | -231.0[1] | -232.6[1] | 238.3[1] | 49.20[1] |
KOH (ai) | -482.37[1] | -440.50[1] | 91.6[1] | -126.8[1] |
KOH (cr) 1 hydrate | -748.9[1] | -645.1[1] | 117.2[1] | – |
KOH (cr) 2 hydrate | -1051.0[1] | -887.3[1] | 150.6[1] | – |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
K2CO3 (cr) | -1151.02[1] | -1063.5[1] | 155.52[1] | 114.43[1] |
K2CO3 (ai) | -1181.90[1] | -1094.36[1] | 148.1[1] | – |
K2CO3 (cr) 1.5 hydrate | -1609.2[1] | -1432.5[1] | 203.3[1] | – |
NH3 (g) | -46.11[1] | -16.45[1] | 192.45[1] | 35.06[1] |
NH3 (ao) | -80.29[1] | -26.50[1] | 111.3[1] | – |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -942.15 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -686.42 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 169.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -424.764 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -379.08 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 64.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -231.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -232.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -482.37 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 91.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -126.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -748.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -645.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 117.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1051.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -887.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 150.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1151.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1063.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.52 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 114.43 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1181.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1094.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 148.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1609.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1432.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 203.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -46.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -16.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.45 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -26.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1