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NH4ClO4 🔥→ HNO2 + HCl↑ + H2O2

Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate yields nitrous acid, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen peroxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Thermal decomposition with redox
Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent
🔥
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent
🔥
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NH4ClO4Ammonium perchlorate1
Self redox agent
Thermally decomposable
Oxoacid salt

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
HNO2Nitrous acid1
Oxidized
HClHydrogen chloride1
Reduced
H2O2Hydrogen peroxide1
Oxidized

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
ΔrG−192.1 kJ/mol
K4.51 × 1033
pK−33.65
NH4ClO4Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
HNO2Un-ionized aqueous solution + HClGas + H2O2Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−140.8−192.1171.0
−140.8−192.1171.0
per 1 mol of
−140.8−192.1171.0
per 1 mol of
−140.8−192.1171.0
per 1 mol of
−140.8−192.1171.0

Changes in standard condition (2)

Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
ΔrG−228.0 kJ/mol
K8.79 × 1039
pK−39.94
NH4ClO4Ionized aqueous solution
🔥
HNO2Un-ionized aqueous solution + HClIonized aqueous solution + H2O2Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−215.7−228.040.6
−215.7−228.040.6
per 1 mol of
−215.7−228.040.6
per 1 mol of
−215.7−228.040.6
per 1 mol of
−215.7−228.040.6

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NH4ClO4 (cr)-295.31[1]-88.75[1]186.2[1]
NH4ClO4 (ai)-261.83[1]-87.83[1]295.4[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
HNO2 (g)
cis
-77.99[1]-42.94[1]248.76[1]44.77[1]
HNO2 (g)
trans
-80.12[1]-45.24[1]249.22[1]46.07[1]
HNO2 (g)-79.5[1]-46.0[1]254.1[1]45.6[1]
HNO2 (ao)-119.2[1]-50.6[1]135.6[1]
HCl (g)-92.307[1]-95.299[1]186.908[1]29.12[1]
HCl (ai)-167.159[1]-131.228[1]56.5[1]-136.4[1]
H2O2 (l)-187.78[1]-120.35[1]109.6[1]89.1[1]
H2O2 (g)-136.31[1]-105.57[1]232.7[1]43.1[1]
H2O2 (ao)-191.17[1]-134.03[1]143.9[1]
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)