NH4ClO4 🔥→ HNO2 + HCl↑ + H2O2
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- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate yields nitrous acid, hydrogen chloride, and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
General equation
- Thermal decomposition with redox
- Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
- Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4ClO4 | Ammonium perchlorate | 1 | Self redox agent | Thermally decomposable Oxoacid salt |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 1 | Reduced | – |
1 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate◆
ΔrG −192.1 kJ/mol K 4.51 × 1033 pK −33.65
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −140.8 | −192.1 | 171.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −140.8 | −192.1 | 171.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −140.8 | −192.1 | 171.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −140.8 | −192.1 | 171.0 | – |
−140.8 | −192.1 | 171.0 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Decomposition of ammonium perchlorate◆
ΔrG −228.0 kJ/mol K 8.79 × 1039 pK −39.94
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −215.7 | −228.0 | 40.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −215.7 | −228.0 | 40.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −215.7 | −228.0 | 40.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | −215.7 | −228.0 | 40.6 | – |
−215.7 | −228.0 | 40.6 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4ClO4 (cr) | -295.31[1] | -88.75[1] | 186.2[1] | – |
NH4ClO4 (ai) | -261.83[1] | -87.83[1] | 295.4[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | – |
HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
(l) | -187.78[1] | -120.35[1] | 109.6[1] | 89.1[1] |
(g) | -136.31[1] | -105.57[1] | 232.7[1] | 43.1[1] |
(ao) | -191.17[1] | -134.03[1] | 143.9[1] | – |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -295.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -88.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -261.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -87.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 295.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -42.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -45.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -46.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -119.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 135.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -187.78 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -120.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 89.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -136.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -105.57 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 232.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 43.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -191.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -134.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 143.9 J · K−1 · mol−1