(NH4)2S + 5MnO2 → N2H4 + MnSO4 + 2Mn(OH)2 + 2MnO
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The reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide yields hydrazine, manganese(II) sulfate, manganese(II) hydroxide, and manganese(II) oxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2S | Ammonium sulfide | 1 | Reducing | Reducing |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 5 | Oxidizing | Reducible |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N2H4 | Hydrazine | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| MnSO4 | Manganese(II) sulfate | 1 | Redoxed product | – |
| Mn(OH)2 | Manganese(II) hydroxide | 2 | Reduced | – |
| MnO | Manganese(II) oxide | 2 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide◆
ΔrG −415.1 kJ/mol K 5.28 × 1072 pK −72.72
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −82.18 | −83.02 | 3.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −205.4 | −207.6 | 7.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | −205.4 | −207.6 | 7.5 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide◆
ΔrG −402.1 kJ/mol K 2.79 × 1070 pK −70.44
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −425.1 | −402.1 | −75 | – |
per 1 mol of | −425.1 | −402.1 | −75 | – |
per 1 mol of | −85.02 | −80.42 | −15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −425.1 | −402.1 | −75 | – |
per 1 mol of | −425.1 | −402.1 | −75 | – |
per 1 mol of | −212.6 | −201.1 | −38 | – |
per 1 mol of | −212.6 | −201.1 | −38 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide◆
ΔrG −415.1 kJ/mol K 5.28 × 1072 pK −72.72
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −82.18 | −83.02 | 3.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −410.9 | −415.1 | 15 | – |
per 1 mol of | −205.4 | −207.6 | 7.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | −205.4 | −207.6 | 7.5 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2S (ai) | -231.8[1] | -72.6[1] | 212.1[1] | – |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N2H4 (l) | 50.63[1] | 149.34[1] | 121.21[1] | 98.87[1] |
| N2H4 (g) | 95.40[1] | 159.35[1] | 238.47[1] | 49.58[1] |
| N2H4 (ao) | 34.31[1] | 128.1[1] | 138[1] | – |
| MnSO4 (cr) | -1065.25[1] | -957.36[1] | 112.1[1] | 100.50[1] |
| MnSO4 (ai) | -1130.1[1] | -972.7[1] | -53.6[1] | -243[1] |
| MnSO4 (ao) | -1115.9[1] | -985.7[1] | 36.4[1] | – |
| MnSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate α | -1376.5[1] | – | – | – |
| MnSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate β | -1348.1[1] | – | – | – |
| MnSO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2258.1[1] | – | – | – |
| MnSO4 (cr) 5 hydrate | -2553.1[1] | – | – | 326[1] |
| MnSO4 (cr) 7 hydrate | -3139.3[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn(OH)2 (am) precipitated | -695.4[1] | -615.0[1] | 99.2[1] | – |
| MnO (cr) | -385.22[1] | -362.90[1] | 59.71[1] | 45.44[1] |
| MnO (g) | 124.22[1] | – | – | – |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -231.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -72.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 212.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 50.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 149.34 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 98.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 95.40 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 159.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.58 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 34.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 128.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1065.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -957.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 112.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1130.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -972.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -53.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -243. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1115.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -985.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 36.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1376.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1348.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2258.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2553.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 326. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -3139.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -695.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -615.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 99.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -385.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -362.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.44 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 124.22 kJ · mol−1