C4H10 + Cl2 → C4H9Cl + HCl
Last updated:
The reaction of and yields and hydrogen chloride. This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
General equation
- Free radical halogenation
- HydrocarbonReducing agent + HalogenOxidizing agent ⟶ Organohalogen compoundOxidation product + Hydrogen halideReduction product
- Free radical halogenation of alkane
- AlkaneReducing agent + HalogenOxidizing agent ⟶ Alkyl halideOxidation product + Hydrogen halideReduction product
- Free radical chlorination
- HydrocarbonReducing agent + Oxidizing agent ⟶ Organochlorine compoundOxidation product + HClReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reducing | Hydrocarbon Alkane | ||
| 1 | Oxidizing | Halogen Chlorine |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redoxed product | Organohalogen compound Alkyl halide Organochlorine compound | ||
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 1 | Reduced | Hydrogen halide Hydrogen chloride |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −154.8 | – | – | 72.7 |
| −154.8 | – | – | 72.7 | |
| −154.8 | – | – | 72.7 | |
| −154.8 | – | – | 72.7 | |
per 1 mol of | −154.8 | – | – | 72.7 |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (l) | – | – | – | 104.5[1] |
| (g) | -125.6[1] | -17.2[1] | 310.1[1] | 97.5[1] |
| (g) | 0[2] | 0[2] | 223.066[2] | 33.907[2] |
| (ao) | -23.4[2] | 6.94[2] | 121[2] | – |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (l) | -188.1[1] | – | – | 175.0[1] |
| (g) | -154.6[1] | -38.8[1] | 358.1[1] | 107.6[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[2] | -95.299[2] | 186.908[2] | 29.12[2] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[2] | -131.228[2] | 56.5[2] | -136.4[2] |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Cp°, 104.5 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfH°, -125.6 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfG°, -17.2 kJ · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ S°, 310.1 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ Cp°, 97.5 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.950
- ^ ΔfH°, -188.1 kJ · mol−1 - p.952
- ^ Cp°, 175.0 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.952
- ^ ΔfH°, -154.6 kJ · mol−1 - p.952
- ^ ΔfG°, -38.8 kJ · mol−1 - p.952
- ^ S°, 358.1 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.952
- ^ Cp°, 107.6 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.952
- 2Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1