CdCl2 + KMnO4 + 5H+ → Cd2+ + KClO + HClO + Mn3+ + 2H2O
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- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- CdCl2Cadmium chloride + KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 5H+Hydrogen ionCd2+Cadmium ion + KClOPotassium hypochlorite + HClOHypochlorous acid + Mn3+Manganese(III) ion + 2H2OWater⟶
The reaction of cadmium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields cadmium ion, potassium hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid, manganese(III) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- CdCl2Cadmium chloride + KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 5H+Hydrogen ionCd2+Cadmium ion + KClOPotassium hypochlorite + HClOHypochlorous acid + Mn3+Manganese(III) ion + 2H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CdCl2 | Cadmium chloride | 1 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 5 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cd2+ | Cadmium ion | 1 | – | – |
| KClO | Potassium hypochlorite | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| HClO | Hypochlorous acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| Mn3+ | Manganese(III) ion | 1 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CdCl2 (cr) | -391.50[1] | -343.93[1] | 115.27[1] | 74.68[1] |
| CdCl2 (ai) | -410.20[1] | -340.068[1] | 39.7[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (ao) | -405.0[1] | -359.29[1] | 121.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -688.44[1] | -586.975[1] | 167.8[1] | – |
| CdCl2 (cr) 2.5 hydrate | -1131.94[1] | -943.939[1] | 227.2[1] | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cd2+ (g) | 2623.54[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd2+ (ao) | -75.90[1] | -77.612[1] | -73.2[1] | – |
| KClO (ai) | -359.4[1] | -320.0[1] | 146[1] | – |
| HClO (g) | -78.7[1] | -66.1[1] | 236.67[1] | 37.15[1] |
| HClO (ao) | -120.9[1] | -79.9[1] | 142[1] | – |
| Mn3+ (g) | 5776.4[1] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -391.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -343.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 74.68 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -410.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -340.068 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 39.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -405.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -359.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -688.44 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -586.975 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 167.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1131.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -943.939 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 227.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2623.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -75.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -77.612 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -359.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -320.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -78.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -66.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 236.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.15 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 5776.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1