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CdCl2 + 2LiOH → 2LiCl + Cd(OH)2↓

CdCl₂ + 2LiOH → 2LiCl + Cd(OH)₂↓

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide: CdCl₂Cadmium chloride + 2LiOHLithium hydroxide
⟶
2LiClLithium chloride + Cd(OH)₂↓Cadmium hydroxide

The reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide yields lithium chloride and cadmium hydroxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents

Reaction data

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
CdCl₂	Cadmium chloride	1	Brønsted acid Lewis acid	Salt of weak base Very soluble in water
LiOH	Lithium hydroxide	2	Brønsted base Lewis base	Strong base Soluble in water

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
LiCl	Lithium chloride	2	Conjugate acid Non-redox product	Salt of strong base –
Cd(OH)₂	Cadmium hydroxide	1	Conjugate base Lewis conjugate	Weak base Insoluble in water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −20.5 kJ/mol K 3.90 × 10³ pK −3.59: CdCl₂Crystalline solid + 2LiOHCrystalline solid
⟶
2LiClCrystalline solid + Cd(OH)₂↓Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−16.6	−20.5	14	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	−16.6	−20.5	14	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	−8.30	−10.3	7.0	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	−8.30	−10.3	7.0	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	−16.6	−20.5	14	–

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −50.5 kJ/mol K 7.03 × 10⁸ pK −8.85: CdCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHIonized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−50.5	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	–	−50.5	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	–	−25.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	–	−25.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	–	−50.5	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −81.5 kJ/mol K 1.90 × 10¹⁴ pK −14.28: CdCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHIonized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−24.8	−81.5	191	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	−24.8	−81.5	191	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	−12.4	−40.8	95.5	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	−12.4	−40.8	95.5	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	−24.8	−81.5	191	–

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −48.1 kJ/mol K 2.67 × 10⁸ pK −8.43: CdCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHUn-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−48.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	–	−48.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	–	−24.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	–	−24.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	–	−48.1	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −79.1 kJ/mol K 7.21 × 10¹³ pK −13.86: CdCl₂Ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHUn-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−25.0	−79.1	182	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	−25.0	−79.1	182	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	−12.5	−39.5	91.0	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	−12.5	−39.5	91.0	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	−25.0	−79.1	182	–

Changes in aqueous solution (5)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −31.3 kJ/mol K 3.04 × 10⁵ pK −5.48: CdCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHIonized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−31.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	–	−31.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	–	−15.7	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	–	−15.7	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	–	−31.3	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (6)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −62.3 kJ/mol K 8.21 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.91: CdCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHIonized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−30.0	−62.3	108	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	−30.0	−62.3	108	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	−15.0	−31.1	54.0	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	−15.0	−31.1	54.0	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	−30.0	−62.3	108	–

Changes in aqueous solution (7)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −28.9 kJ/mol K 1.16 × 10⁵ pK −5.06: CdCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHUn-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−28.9	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	–	−28.9	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	–	−14.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	–	−14.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	–	−28.9	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (8)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and lithium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −59.9 kJ/mol K 3.12 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.49: CdCl₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2LiOHUn-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
2LiClIonized aqueous solution + Cd(OH)₂↓Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−30.2	−59.9	100	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium chloride	−30.2	−59.9	100	–
per 1 mol of Lithium hydroxide	−15.1	−29.9	50.0	–
per 1 mol of Lithium chloride	−15.1	−29.9	50.0	–
per 1 mol of Cadmium hydroxide	−30.2	−59.9	100	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
CdCl₂ (cr)	-391.50^[1]	-343.93^[1]	115.27^[1]	74.68^[1]
CdCl₂ (ai)	-410.20^[1]	-340.068^[1]	39.7^[1]	–
CdCl₂ (ao)	-405.0^[1]	-359.29^[1]	121.8^[1]	–
CdCl₂ (cr) 1 hydrate	-688.44^[1]	-586.975^[1]	167.8^[1]	–
CdCl₂ (cr) 2.5 hydrate	-1131.94^[1]	-943.939^[1]	227.2^[1]	–
LiOH (cr)	-484.93^[1]	-438.95^[1]	42.80^[1]	49.66^[1]
LiOH (g)	-238.1^[1]	-242.3^[1]	210.90^[1]	46.02^[1]
LiOH (ai)	-508.48^[1]	-450.58^[1]	2.80^[1]	-79.9^[1]
LiOH (ao)	-508.4^[1]	-451.8^[1]	7.1^[1]	–
LiOH (cr) 1 hydrate	-788.01^[1]	-680.95^[1]	71.21^[1]	79.50^[1]

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
LiCl (cr)	-408.61^[1]	-384.37^[1]	59.33^[1]	47.99^[1]
LiCl (g)	-195.4^[1]	-216.7^[1]	212.824^[1]	33.22^[1]
LiCl (ai)	-445.64^[1]	-424.58^[1]	69.9^[1]	-67.8^[1]
LiCl (cr) 1 hydrate	-712.58^[1]	-631.80^[1]	102.84^[1]	–
LiCl (cr) 2 hydrate	-1012.65^[1]	–	–	–
LiCl (cr) 3 hydrate	-1311.3^[1]	–	–	–
Cd(OH)₂ (cr) precipitated	-560.7^[1]	-473.6^[1]	96^[1]	–
Cd(OH)₂ (ai)	-535.89^[1]	-392.10^[1]	-94.6^[1]	–
Cd(OH)₂ (ao)	–	-442.6^[1]	–	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	−20.5 kJ/mol
K	3.90 × 10³
pK	−3.59

Δ_rG	−50.5 kJ/mol
K	7.03 × 10⁸
pK	−8.85

Δ_rG	−81.5 kJ/mol
K	1.90 × 10¹⁴
pK	−14.28

Δ_rG	−48.1 kJ/mol
K	2.67 × 10⁸
pK	−8.43

CdCl2 + 2LiOH → 2LiCl + Cd(OH)2↓

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom