C10H22 + Cl2 → C10H21Cl + HCl
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The reaction of and yields and hydrogen chloride. This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
General equation
- Free radical halogenation
- HydrocarbonReducing agent + HalogenOxidizing agent ⟶ Organohalogen compoundOxidation product + Hydrogen halideReduction product
- Free radical halogenation of alkane
- AlkaneReducing agent + HalogenOxidizing agent ⟶ Alkyl halideOxidation product + Hydrogen halideReduction product
- Free radical chlorination
- HydrocarbonReducing agent + Oxidizing agent ⟶ Organochlorine compoundOxidation product + HClReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reducing | Hydrocarbon Alkane | ||
| 1 | Oxidizing | Halogen Chlorine |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Redoxed product | Organohalogen compound Alkyl halide Organochlorine compound | ||
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 1 | Reduced | Hydrogen halide Hydrogen chloride |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (l) | -300.9[1] | 17.5[1] | 425.5[1] | 314.4[1] |
| (g) | 0[2] | 0[2] | 223.066[2] | 33.907[2] |
| (ao) | -23.4[2] | 6.94[2] | 121[2] | – |
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| – | – | – | – | |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[2] | -95.299[2] | 186.908[2] | 29.12[2] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[2] | -131.228[2] | 56.5[2] | -136.4[2] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ ΔfH°, -300.9 kJ · mol−1 - p.955
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.5 kJ · mol−1 - p.955
- ^ S°, 425.5 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.955
- ^ Cp°, 314.4 J · K−1 · mol−1 - p.955
- 2Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1