Pb(NO3)2 + 2HCl 💧→ PbCl2↓ + 2HNO3
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The reaction of lead(II) nitrate and hydrogen chloride yields lead(II) chloride and nitric acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of lead(II) nitrate and hydrogen chloride
General equation
- Precipitation reaction
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis acid + Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis base💧⟶ Insoluble in water/Very slightly soluble in water/Slightly soluble in waterLewis conjugate + Product(Non-redox product)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of lead(II) nitrate and hydrogen chloride
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb(NO3)2 | Lead(II) nitrate | 1 | Lewis acid | Very soluble in water |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 2 | Lewis base | Very soluble in water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbCl2 | Lead(II) chloride | 1 | Lewis conjugate | Slightly soluble in water |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 2 | Non-redox product | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of lead(II) nitrate and hydrogen chloride
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −71.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −71.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −35.5 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −71.1 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | −35.5 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of lead(II) nitrate and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG 0.03 kJ/mol K 0.99 × 100 pK 0.01
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −0.1 | 0.03 | −0.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | −0.10 | 0.0300 | −0.10 | – |
per 1 mol of | −0.050 | 0.0150 | −0.050 | – |
per 1 mol of | −0.10 | 0.0300 | −0.10 | – |
per 1 mol of | −0.050 | 0.0150 | −0.050 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of lead(II) nitrate and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −10.27 kJ/mol K 6.30 × 101 pK −1.80
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −10.27 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −10.27 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −5.135 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −10.27 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −5.135 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb(NO3)2 (cr) | -451.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Pb(NO3)2 (ai) | -416.3[1] | -246.93[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PbCl2 (cr) | -359.41[1] | -314.10[1] | 136.0[1] | – |
| PbCl2 (ai) | -336.0[1] | -286.86[1] | 123.4[1] | – |
| PbCl2 (ao) | – | -297.16[1] | – | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -451.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -416.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -246.93 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -359.41 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -314.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 136.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -336.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -286.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 123.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -297.16 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1