HgCl2 + NiSO4 💧→ HgSO4↓ + NiCl2
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The reaction of mercury(II) chloride and nickel(II) sulfate yields mercury(II) sulfate and nickel(II) chloride. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of mercury(II) chloride and nickel(II) sulfate
General equation
- Precipitation reaction
- Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis acid + Miscible with water/Very soluble in water/Soluble in waterLewis base💧⟶ Insoluble in water/Very slightly soluble in water/Slightly soluble in waterLewis conjugate + Product(Non-redox product)
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of mercury(II) chloride and nickel(II) sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HgCl2 | Mercury(II) chloride | 1 | Lewis acid | Soluble in water |
| NiSO4 | Nickel(II) sulfate | 1 | Lewis base | Very soluble in water |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HgSO4 | Mercury(II) sulfate | 1 | Lewis conjugate | Very slightly soluble in water |
| NiCl2 | Nickel(II) chloride | 1 | Non-redox product | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of mercury(II) chloride and nickel(II) sulfate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 84.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 84.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 84.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 84.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 84.4 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of mercury(II) chloride and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 67.4 kJ/mol K 0.16 × 10−11 pK 11.81
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 67.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 67.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 67.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 67.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 67.4 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of mercury(II) chloride and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 80.4 kJ/mol K 0.82 × 10−14 pK 14.09
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 80.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 80.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 80.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 80.4 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 80.4 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HgCl2 (cr) | -224.3[1] | -178.6[1] | 146.0[1] | – |
| HgCl2 (ao) | -216.3[1] | -173.2[1] | 155[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) | -872.91[1] | -759.7[1] | 92[1] | 138[1] |
| NiSO4 (ai) | -963.2[1] | -790.3[1] | -108.8[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (ao) | -949.3[1] | -803.3[1] | -18.0[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2104.1[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate α, tetragonal, green | -2682.82[1] | -2224.61[1] | 334.47[1] | 327.86[1] |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate β, monoclinic, blue | -2672.3[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 7 hydrate | -2976.33[1] | -2461.83[1] | 378.94[1] | 364.59[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HgSO4 (cr) | -707.5[1] | – | – | – |
| HgSO4 (ao) | – | -588.2[1] | – | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) | -305.332[1] | -259.032[1] | 97.65[1] | 71.67[1] |
| NiCl2 (ai) | -388.3[1] | -307.9[1] | -15.1[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -922.2[1] | -760.1[1] | 176[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1516.7[1] | -1234.9[1] | 243[1] | – |
| NiCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2103.17[1] | -1713.19[1] | 344.3[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -224.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -178.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -216.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -173.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -872.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -759.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 92. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -963.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -790.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -108.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -949.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -803.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -18.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2104.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2682.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2224.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 334.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 327.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2672.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2976.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2461.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 378.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 364.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -707.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -588.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -305.332 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -259.032 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 97.65 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -388.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -307.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -15.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -922.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -760.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 176. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1516.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1234.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 243. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2103.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1713.19 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 344.3 J · K−1 · mol−1