NiSO4 🔥→ NiO + SO3
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- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate yields nickel(II) oxide and sulfur trioxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:
- Thermal decomposition without redox
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt without redox
- Thermal decomposition of salt of oxoacid and hydroxide base
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
General equation
- Thermal decomposition without redox
- Thermally decomposable substanceLewis conjugate🔥⟶ ProductLewis acid + ProductLewis base
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt without redox
- Oxoacid saltLewis conjugate🔥⟶ Basic oxideLewis base + Acidic oxideLewis acid + (H2O)
- Thermal decomposition of salt of oxoacid and hydroxide base
- Salt of oxoacid and hydroxide baseLewis conjugate🔥⟶ Basic oxideLewis base + Acidic oxideLewis acid
Oxidation state of each atom
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiSO4 | Nickel(II) sulfate | 1 | Lewis conjugate | Thermally decomposable Oxoacid salt Salt of oxoacid and hydroxide base |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiO | Nickel(II) oxide | 1 | Lewis acid Lewis base | – Basic oxide |
| SO3 | Sulfur trioxide | 1 | Lewis acid | – Acidic oxide |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 174.3 kJ/mol K 0.29 × 10−30 pK 30.54
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 192.2 | 174.3 | 60 | – |
per 1 mol of | 192.2 | 174.3 | 60 | – |
per 1 mol of | 192.2 | 174.3 | 60 | – |
per 1 mol of | 192.2 | 174.3 | 60 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 204.4 kJ/mol K 0.16 × 10−35 pK 35.81
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 269.0 | 204.4 | 217.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 269.0 | 204.4 | 217.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 269.0 | 204.4 | 217.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 269.0 | 204.4 | 217.5 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 217.4 kJ/mol K 0.82 × 10−38 pK 38.09
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 255.1 | 217.4 | 126.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 255.1 | 217.4 | 126.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 255.1 | 217.4 | 126.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 255.1 | 217.4 | 126.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiSO4 (cr) | -872.91[1] | -759.7[1] | 92[1] | 138[1] |
| NiSO4 (ai) | -963.2[1] | -790.3[1] | -108.8[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (ao) | -949.3[1] | -803.3[1] | -18.0[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2104.1[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate α, tetragonal, green | -2682.82[1] | -2224.61[1] | 334.47[1] | 327.86[1] |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate β, monoclinic, blue | -2672.3[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 7 hydrate | -2976.33[1] | -2461.83[1] | 378.94[1] | 364.59[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiO (cr) | -239.7[1] | -211.7[1] | 37.99[1] | 44.31[1] |
| NiO (g) | 314[1] | – | – | – |
| SO3 (cr) β | -454.51[1] | -374.21[1] | 70.7[1] | – |
| SO3 (l) | -441.04[1] | -373.75[1] | 113.8[1] | – |
| SO3 (g) | -395.72[1] | -371.06[1] | 256.76[1] | 50.67[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -872.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -759.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 92. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -963.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -790.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -108.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -949.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -803.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -18.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2104.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2682.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2224.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 334.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 327.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2672.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2976.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2461.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 378.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 364.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -239.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -211.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 37.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.31 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 314. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -454.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -374.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 70.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -441.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -373.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 113.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -395.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -371.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.67 J · K−1 · mol−1