NaCl + 2Cd(NO3)2 + 5H+ 🔥→ Na+ + HClO4 + 2N2O3↑ + 2Cd2+ + 2H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- NaClSodium chloride + 2Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 5H+Hydrogen ionNa+Sodium ion + HClO4Perchloric acid + 2N2O3↑Dinitrogen trioxide + 2Cd2+Cadmium ion + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, cadmium nitrate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, perchloric acid, dinitrogen trioxide, cadmium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
- NaClSodium chloride + 2Cd(NO3)2Cadmium nitrate + 5H+Hydrogen ionNa+Sodium ion + HClO4Perchloric acid + 2N2O3↑Dinitrogen trioxide + 2Cd2+Cadmium ion + 2H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 1 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| Cd(NO3)2 | Cadmium nitrate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 5 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 1 | – | – |
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| N2O3 | Dinitrogen trioxide | 2 | Reduced | – |
| Cd2+ | Cadmium ion | 2 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of sodium chloride and cadmium nitrate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 372.37 kJ/mol K 0.58 × 10−65 pK 65.24
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 463.04 | 372.37 | 304.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 463.04 | 372.37 | 304.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 231.52 | 186.19 | 152.1 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 92.608 | 74.474 | 60.82 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 463.04 | 372.37 | 304.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 463.04 | 372.37 | 304.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 231.52 | 186.19 | 152.1 | – |
per 1 mol of Cadmium ion | 231.52 | 186.19 | 152.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 231.52 | 186.19 | 152.1 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) | -456.31[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (ai) | -490.62[1] | -300.11[1] | 219.7[1] | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1055.62[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd(NO3)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1648.96[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| N2O3 (l) | 50.29[1] | – | – | – |
| N2O3 (g) | 83.72[1] | 139.46[1] | 312.28[1] | 65.61[1] |
| Cd2+ (g) | 2623.54[1] | – | – | – |
| Cd2+ (ao) | -75.90[1] | -77.612[1] | -73.2[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -456.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -490.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 219.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1055.62 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1648.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 50.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 83.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 139.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 312.28 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 65.61 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2623.54 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -75.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -77.612 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1