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Chemical reactions
Sn + H4SiO4 → SnO2 + SiO2 + 2H2↑

Sn + H₄SiO₄ → SnO₂ + SiO₂ + 2H₂↑

Last updated: July 9, 2023

Reaction of tin and silicic acid: SnTin + H₄SiO₄Silicic acid
⟶
SnO₂Tin(IV) oxide + SiO₂Silicon dioxide + 2H₂↑Hydrogen

The reaction of tin and silicic acid yields tin(IV) oxide, silicon dioxide, and hydrogen (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Reaction of reducing species and reducible species

Table of contents

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of tin and silicic acid: SnTin + H₄SiO₄Silicic acid
⟶
SnO₂Tin(IV) oxide + SiO₂Silicon dioxide + 2H₂↑Hydrogen

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and reducible species: Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of tin and silicic acid

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
Sn	Tin	1	Reducing	Reducing
H₄SiO₄	Silicic acid	1	Oxidizing	Reducible

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
SnO₂	Tin(IV) oxide	1	Oxidized	–
SiO₂	Silicon dioxide	1	–	–
H₂	Hydrogen	2	Reduced	–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −43.3 kJ/mol K 3.85 × 10⁷ pK −7.59: SnCrystalline solidwhite + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Crystalline solidα-quartz + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−10.5	−43.3	112	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−10.5	−43.3	112	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−10.5	−43.3	112	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−10.5	−43.3	112	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−10.5	−43.3	112	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−5.25	−21.6	56.0	–

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −42.1 kJ/mol K 2.37 × 10⁷ pK −7.38: SnCrystalline solidwhite + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Crystalline solidα-cristobalite + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−9.1	−42.1	113	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−9.1	−42.1	113	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−9.1	−42.1	113	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−9.1	−42.1	113	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−9.1	−42.1	113	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−4.5	−21.1	56.5	–

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −42.0 kJ/mol K 2.28 × 10⁷ pK −7.36: SnCrystalline solidwhite + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Crystalline solidα-tridymite + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−8.7	−42.0	114	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−8.7	−42.0	114	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−8.7	−42.0	114	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−8.7	−42.0	114	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−8.7	−42.0	114	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−4.3	−21.0	57.0	–

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −37.4 kJ/mol K 3.57 × 10⁶ pK −6.55: SnCrystalline solidwhite + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Amorphous solid + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−3.1	−37.4	117	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−3.1	−37.4	117	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−3.1	−37.4	117	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−3.1	−37.4	117	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−3.1	−37.4	117	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−1.6	−18.7	58.5	–

Changes in standard condition (5)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −43.5 kJ/mol K 4.18 × 10⁷ pK −7.62: SnCrystalline solidgray + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Crystalline solidα-quartz + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−8.5	−43.5	119	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−8.5	−43.5	119	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−8.5	−43.5	119	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−8.5	−43.5	119	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−8.5	−43.5	119	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−4.3	−21.8	59.5	–

Changes in standard condition (6)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −42.3 kJ/mol K 2.57 × 10⁷ pK −7.41: SnCrystalline solidgray + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Crystalline solidα-cristobalite + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−7.0	−42.3	120	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−7.0	−42.3	120	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−7.0	−42.3	120	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−7.0	−42.3	120	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−7.0	−42.3	120	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−3.5	−21.1	60.0	–

Changes in standard condition (7)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −42.1 kJ/mol K 2.37 × 10⁷ pK −7.38: SnCrystalline solidgray + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Crystalline solidα-tridymite + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−6.6	−42.1	121	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−6.6	−42.1	121	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−6.6	−42.1	121	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−6.6	−42.1	121	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−6.6	−42.1	121	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−3.3	−21.1	60.5	–

Changes in standard condition (8)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid ◆ Δ_rG −37.5 kJ/mol K 3.71 × 10⁶ pK −6.57: SnCrystalline solidgray + H₄SiO₄Crystalline solid
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Amorphous solid + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−1.0	−37.5	124	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−1.0	−37.5	124	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−1.0	−37.5	124	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−1.0	−37.5	124	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−1.0	−37.5	124	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−0.50	−18.8	62.0	–

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid: SnCrystalline solidwhite + H₄SiO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2H₂↑Gas

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−9.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−9.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−9.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−9.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−9.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−4.5	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of tin and silicic acid: SnCrystalline solidwhite + H₄SiO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
SnO₂Crystalline solid + SiO₂Un-ionized aqueous solution + 2H₂↑Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−17.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Tin	−17.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Silicic acid	−17.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Tin(IV) oxide	−17.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Silicon dioxide	−17.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Hydrogen	−8.75	–	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
Sn (cr) white	0^[1]	0^[1]	51.55^[1]	26.99^[1]
Sn (cr) gray	-2.09^[1]	0.13^[1]	44.14^[1]	25.77^[1]
Sn (g)	302.1^[1]	267.3^[1]	168.486^[1]	21.259^[1]
H₄SiO₄ (cr)	-1481.1^[1]	-1332.9^[1]	192^[1]	–
H₄SiO₄ (ao)	-1468.6^[1]	-1316.6^[1]	180^[1]	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
SnO₂ (cr)	-580.7^[1]	-519.6^[1]	52.3^[1]	52.59^[1]
SiO₂ (cr) α-quartz	-910.94^[1]	-856.64^[1]	41.84^[1]	44.43^[1]
SiO₂ (cr) α-cristobalite	-909.48^[1]	-855.43^[1]	42.68^[1]	44.18^[1]
SiO₂ (cr) α-tridymite	-909.06^[1]	-855.26^[1]	43.5^[1]	44.60^[1]
SiO₂ (am)	-903.49^[1]	-850.70^[1]	46.9^[1]	44.4^[1]
SiO₂ (g)	-322^[1]	–	–	–
SiO₂ (ao)	-897.0^[1]	–	–	–
H₂ (g)	0^[1]	0^[1]	130.684^[1]	28.824^[1]
H₂ (ao)	-4.2^[1]	17.6^[1]	577^[1]	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	−43.3 kJ/mol
K	3.85 × 10⁷
pK	−7.59

Δ_rG	−42.1 kJ/mol
K	2.37 × 10⁷
pK	−7.38

Δ_rG	−42.0 kJ/mol
K	2.28 × 10⁷
pK	−7.36

Δ_rG	−37.4 kJ/mol
K	3.57 × 10⁶
pK	−6.55

Sn + H4SiO4 → SnO2 + SiO2 + 2H2↑

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Products

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Changes in standard condition (2)

Changes in standard condition (3)

Changes in standard condition (4)

Changes in standard condition (5)

Changes in standard condition (6)

Changes in standard condition (7)

Changes in standard condition (8)

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Thermodynamic data of products

References

List of references

Related reactions

Reactions with same reactants

Related categories

Type of reaction

General equation

Reactant

Product

Sn + H₄SiO₄ → SnO₂ + SiO₂ + 2H₂↑