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ZnSO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + Zn(OH)2

ZnSO₄ + Ca(OH)₂ → CaSO₄ + Zn(OH)₂

Last updated: June 13, 2022

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Zinc sulfate + Ca(OH)₂Calcium hydroxide
⟶
CaSO₄Calcium sulfate + Zn(OH)₂Zinc hydroxide

The reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide yields calcium sulfate and zinc hydroxide. This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Reaction of salt of weak base and strong base

Table of contents

Reaction data

Reactants

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
ZnSO₄	Zinc sulfate	1	Brønsted acid	Salt of weak base
Ca(OH)₂	Calcium hydroxide	1	Brønsted base	Strong base

Products

Chemical formula	Name	Coefficient	Type	Type in general equation
CaSO₄	Calcium sulfate	1	Conjugate acid	Salt of strong base
Zn(OH)₂	Zinc hydroxide	1	Conjugate base	Weak base

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −105.6 kJ/mol K 3.16 × 10¹⁸ pK −18.50: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−105.6	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−105.6	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−105.6	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−105.6	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−105.6	–	–

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −105.3 kJ/mol K 2.80 × 10¹⁸ pK −18.45: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−107.1	−105.3	−6.0	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−107.1	−105.3	−6.0	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−107.1	−105.3	−6.0	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−107.1	−105.3	−6.0	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−107.1	−105.3	−6.0	–

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −106.9 kJ/mol K 5.35 × 10¹⁸ pK −18.73: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−108.5	−106.9	−5.6	−14.6
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−108.5	−106.9	−5.6	−14.6
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−108.5	−106.9	−5.6	−14.6
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−108.5	−106.9	−5.6	−14.6
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−108.5	−106.9	−5.6	−14.6

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−107.4	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−107.4	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−107.4	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−107.4	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−107.4	–	–	–

Changes in standard condition (5)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −97.2 kJ/mol K 1.07 × 10¹⁷ pK −17.03: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−97.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−97.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−97.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−97.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−97.2	–	–

Changes in standard condition (6)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −97.0 kJ/mol K 9.86 × 10¹⁶ pK −16.99: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−98.3	−97.0	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−98.3	−97.0	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−98.3	−97.0	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−98.3	−97.0	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−98.3	−97.0	−4.3	–

Changes in standard condition (7)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −98.5 kJ/mol K 1.80 × 10¹⁷ pK −17.26: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−99.6	−98.5	−3.9	−14.1
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−99.6	−98.5	−3.9	−14.1
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−99.6	−98.5	−3.9	−14.1
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−99.6	−98.5	−3.9	−14.1
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−99.6	−98.5	−3.9	−14.1

Changes in standard condition (8)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−98.6	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−98.6	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−98.6	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−98.6	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−98.6	–	–	–

Changes in standard condition (9)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −92.8 kJ/mol K 1.81 × 10¹⁶ pK −16.26: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−92.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−92.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−92.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−92.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−92.8	–	–

Changes in standard condition (10)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −92.5 kJ/mol K 1.60 × 10¹⁶ pK −16.21: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−93.8	−92.5	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−93.8	−92.5	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−93.8	−92.5	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−93.8	−92.5	−4.3	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−93.8	−92.5	−4.3	–

Changes in standard condition (11)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −94.1 kJ/mol K 3.06 × 10¹⁶ pK −16.49: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−95.2	−94.1	−3.9	−15.3
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−95.2	−94.1	−3.9	−15.3
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−95.2	−94.1	−3.9	−15.3
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−95.2	−94.1	−3.9	−15.3
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−95.2	−94.1	−3.9	−15.3

Changes in standard condition (12)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Crystalline solid + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−94.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−94.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−94.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−94.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−94.1	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −41.1 kJ/mol K 1.59 × 10⁷ pK −7.20: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−41.1	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −72.2 kJ/mol K 4.46 × 10¹² pK −12.65: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−72.2	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −71.9 kJ/mol K 3.95 × 10¹² pK −12.60: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −73.5 kJ/mol K 7.53 × 10¹² pK −12.88: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–

Changes in aqueous solution (5)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−42.5	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (6)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −32.8 kJ/mol K 5.58 × 10⁵ pK −5.75: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−32.8	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (7)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −63.8 kJ/mol K 1.50 × 10¹¹ pK −11.18: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−63.8	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (8)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −63.6 kJ/mol K 1.39 × 10¹¹ pK −11.14: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–

Changes in aqueous solution (9)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −65.1 kJ/mol K 2.54 × 10¹¹ pK −11.41: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–

Changes in aqueous solution (10)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−33.7	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (11)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −28.3 kJ/mol K 9.08 × 10⁴ pK −4.96: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−28.3	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (12)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −59.4 kJ/mol K 2.55 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.41: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−59.4	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (13)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −59.1 kJ/mol K 2.26 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.35: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–

Changes in aqueous solution (14)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −60.7 kJ/mol K 4.31 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.63: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–

Changes in aqueous solution (15)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−29.2	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (16)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −54.44 kJ/mol K 3.45 × 10⁹ pK −9.54: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−54.44	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−54.44	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−54.44	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−54.44	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−54.44	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (17)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −85.52 kJ/mol K 9.60 × 10¹⁴ pK −14.98: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−85.52	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−85.52	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−85.52	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−85.52	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−85.52	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (18)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −85.23 kJ/mol K 8.54 × 10¹⁴ pK −14.93: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−26.78	−85.23	196.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−26.78	−85.23	196.5	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−26.78	−85.23	196.5	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−26.78	−85.23	196.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−26.78	−85.23	196.5	–

Changes in aqueous solution (19)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −86.78 kJ/mol K 1.60 × 10¹⁵ pK −15.20: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−28.12	−86.78	196.9	332
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−28.12	−86.78	196.9	332
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−28.12	−86.78	196.9	332
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−28.12	−86.78	196.9	332
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−28.12	−86.78	196.9	332

Changes in aqueous solution (20)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−27.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−27.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−27.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−27.1	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−27.1	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (21)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −46.07 kJ/mol K 1.18 × 10⁸ pK −8.07: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−46.07	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−46.07	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−46.07	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−46.07	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−46.07	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (22)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −77.15 kJ/mol K 3.28 × 10¹³ pK −13.52: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−77.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−77.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−77.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−77.15	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−77.15	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (23)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −76.86 kJ/mol K 2.92 × 10¹³ pK −13.47: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−17.91	−76.86	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−17.91	−76.86	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−17.91	−76.86	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−17.91	−76.86	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−17.91	−76.86	198.2	–

Changes in aqueous solution (24)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −78.41 kJ/mol K 5.46 × 10¹³ pK −13.74: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−19.25	−78.41	198.6	332
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−19.25	−78.41	198.6	332
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−19.25	−78.41	198.6	332
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−19.25	−78.41	198.6	332
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−19.25	−78.41	198.6	332

Changes in aqueous solution (25)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−18.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−18.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−18.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−18.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−18.2	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (26)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −41.63 kJ/mol K 1.96 × 10⁷ pK −7.29: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−41.63	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−41.63	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−41.63	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−41.63	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−41.63	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (27)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −72.71 kJ/mol K 5.47 × 10¹² pK −12.74: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−72.71	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−72.71	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−72.71	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−72.71	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−72.71	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (28)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −72.42 kJ/mol K 4.87 × 10¹² pK −12.69: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−13.47	−72.42	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−13.47	−72.42	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−13.47	−72.42	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−13.47	−72.42	198.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−13.47	−72.42	198.2	–

Changes in aqueous solution (29)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −73.97 kJ/mol K 9.10 × 10¹² pK −12.96: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−14.81	−73.97	198.6	331
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−14.81	−73.97	198.6	331
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−14.81	−73.97	198.6	331
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−14.81	−73.97	198.6	331
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−14.81	−73.97	198.6	331

Changes in aqueous solution (30)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−13.8	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−13.8	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−13.8	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−13.8	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−13.8	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (31)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −41.1 kJ/mol K 1.59 × 10⁷ pK −7.20: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−41.1	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−41.1	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (32)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −72.2 kJ/mol K 4.46 × 10¹² pK −12.65: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−72.2	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−72.2	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (33)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −71.9 kJ/mol K 3.95 × 10¹² pK −12.60: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−42.2	−71.9	99.5	–

Changes in aqueous solution (34)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −73.5 kJ/mol K 7.53 × 10¹² pK −12.88: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−43.6	−73.5	99.9	–

Changes in aqueous solution (35)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidinsoluble, anhydrite + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−42.5	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−42.5	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (36)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −32.8 kJ/mol K 5.58 × 10⁵ pK −5.75: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−32.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−32.8	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (37)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −63.8 kJ/mol K 1.50 × 10¹¹ pK −11.18: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−63.8	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−63.8	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (38)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −63.6 kJ/mol K 1.39 × 10¹¹ pK −11.14: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−33.4	−63.6	101.2	–

Changes in aqueous solution (39)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −65.1 kJ/mol K 2.54 × 10¹¹ pK −11.41: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−34.7	−65.1	101.6	–

Changes in aqueous solution (40)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, α + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−33.7	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−33.7	–	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (41)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −28.3 kJ/mol K 9.08 × 10⁴ pK −4.96: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Un-ionized aqueous solution

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−28.3	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−28.3	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (42)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −59.4 kJ/mol K 2.55 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.41: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidγ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	–	−59.4	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	–	−59.4	–	–

Changes in aqueous solution (43)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −59.1 kJ/mol K 2.26 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.35: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidβ

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−28.9	−59.1	101.2	–

Changes in aqueous solution (44)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide ◆ Δ_rG −60.7 kJ/mol K 4.31 × 10¹⁰ pK −10.63: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidε

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−30.3	−60.7	101.6	–

Changes in aqueous solution (45)

Reaction of zinc sulfate and calcium hydroxide: ZnSO₄Un-ionized aqueous solution + Ca(OH)₂Crystalline solid
⟶
CaSO₄Crystalline solidsoluble, β + Zn(OH)₂Crystalline solidprecipitated

	Standard enthalpy of reaction Δ_rH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of reaction Δ_rG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard entropy of reaction Δ_rS° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure Δ_rC_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
per 1 mol of Equation	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc sulfate	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium hydroxide	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Calcium sulfate	−29.2	–	–	–
per 1 mol of Zinc hydroxide	−29.2	–	–	–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
ZnSO₄ (cr)	-982.8^[1]	-871.5^[1]	110.5^[1]	99.2^[1]
ZnSO₄ (ai)	-1063.15^[1]	-891.59^[1]	-92.0^[1]	-247^[1]
ZnSO₄ (ao)	-1047.7^[1]	-904.9^[1]	5.0^[1]	–
ZnSO₄ (cr) 1 hydrate	-1304.49^[1]	-1131.99^[1]	138.5^[1]	–
ZnSO₄ (cr) 6 hydrate	-2777.46^[1]	-2324.44^[1]	363.6^[1]	357.69^[1]
ZnSO₄ (cr) 7 hydrate	-3077.75^[1]	-2562.67^[1]	388.7^[1]	383.42^[1]
Ca(OH)₂ (cr)	-986.09^[1]	-898.49^[1]	83.39^[1]	87.49^[1]
Ca(OH)₂ (g)	-544^[1]	–	–	–
Ca(OH)₂ (ai)	-1002.82^[1]	-868.07^[1]	-74.5^[1]	–
Ca(OH)₂ (cr) 2 hydrate	-1218.4^[1]	–	–	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formula	Standard enthalpy of formation Δ_fH° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard Gibbs energy of formation Δ_fG° kJ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar entropy S° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹	Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure C_p° J · K⁻¹ · mol⁻¹
CaSO₄ (cr) insoluble, anhydrite	-1434.11^[1]	-1321.79^[1]	106.7^[1]	99.66^[1]
CaSO₄ (cr) soluble, α	-1425.24^[1]	-1313.42^[1]	108.4^[1]	100.21^[1]
CaSO₄ (cr) soluble, β	-1420.80^[1]	-1308.98^[1]	108.4^[1]	99.04^[1]
CaSO₄ (ai)	-1452.10^[1]	-1298.10^[1]	-33.1^[1]	–
CaSO₄ (cr) 0.5 hydrate macrocrystalline, α	-1576.74^[1]	-1436.74^[1]	130.5^[1]	119.41^[1]
CaSO₄ (cr) 0.5 hydrate microcrystalline, β	-1574.65^[1]	-1435.78^[1]	134.3^[1]	124.22^[1]
CaSO₄ (cr) 2 hydrate selenite	-2022.63^[1]	-1797.28^[1]	194.1^[1]	186.02^[1]
Zn(OH)₂ (cr) γ	–	-553.81^[1]	–	–
Zn(OH)₂ (cr) β	-641.91^[1]	-553.52^[1]	81.2^[1]	–
Zn(OH)₂ (cr) ε	-643.25^[1]	-555.07^[1]	81.6^[1]	72.4^[1]
Zn(OH)₂ (cr) precipitated	-642.2^[1]	–	–	–
Zn(OH)₂ (ai)	-613.88^[1]	-461.56^[1]	-133.5^[1]	-251^[1]
Zn(OH)₂ (ao)	–	-522.73^[1]	–	–

* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

1
Janiel J. Reed (1989)
The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
https://doi.org/10.18434/M32124
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Citation list

Δ_rG	−105.6 kJ/mol
K	3.16 × 10¹⁸
pK	−18.50

Δ_rG	−105.3 kJ/mol
K	2.80 × 10¹⁸
pK	−18.45

Δ_rG	−106.9 kJ/mol
K	5.35 × 10¹⁸
pK	−18.73

Δ_rG	−97.2 kJ/mol
K	1.07 × 10¹⁷
pK	−17.03

ZnSO4 + Ca(OH)2 → CaSO4 + Zn(OH)2