2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
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- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride
The reaction of and hydrogen chloride yields aluminium chloride and . This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Reducing | Reducing Active metal Amphoteric metal | ||
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 6 | Oxidizing | Reducible Acid |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlCl3 | Aluminium chloride | 2 | Oxidized | – Salt |
| 3 | Reduced | – Hydrogen |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −685.8 kJ/mol K 1.40 × 10120 pK −120.15
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −854.6 | −685.8 | −564.72 | 46.73 |
| −427.3 | −342.9 | −282.36 | 23.36 | |
per 1 mol of | −142.4 | −114.3 | −94.120 | 7.788 |
per 1 mol of | −427.3 | −342.9 | −282.36 | 23.36 |
| −284.9 | −228.6 | −188.24 | 15.58 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −971 kJ/mol K 1.29 × 10170 pK −170.11
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1063 | −971 | −308.2 | – |
| −531.5 | −486 | −154.1 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −177.2 | −162 | −51.37 | – |
per 1 mol of | −531.5 | −486 | −154.1 | – |
| −354.3 | −324 | −102.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and hydrogen chloride◆
ΔrG −918 kJ/mol K 6.71 × 10160 pK −160.83
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1076 | −918 | 1031 | – |
| −538.0 | −459 | 515.5 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −179.3 | −153 | 171.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −538.0 | −459 | 515.5 | – |
| −358.7 | −306 | 343.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 28.33[1] | 24.35[1] |
| (g) | 326.4[1] | 285.7[1] | 164.54[1] | 21.38[1] |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlCl3 (cr) | -704.2[1] | -628.8[1] | 110.67[1] | 91.84[1] |
| AlCl3 (g) | -583.2[1] | – | – | – |
| AlCl3 (ai) | -1033[1] | -879[1] | -152.3[1] | – |
| AlCl3 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2691.6[1] | -2261.1[1] | 318.0[1] | 296.2[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 28.33 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 326.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 285.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -704.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -628.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 91.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -583.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1033. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -879. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -152.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2691.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2261.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 318.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 296.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1