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2(NH4)2CO3 ๐Ÿ”ฅโ†’ 2HCN + 2NH3โ†‘ + 3O2โ†‘ + 4H2โ†‘

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Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
2(NH4)2CO3Ammonium carbonate
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNHydrogen cyanide + 2NH3โ†‘Ammonia + 3O2โ†‘Oxygen + 4H2โ†‘Hydrogen

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate yields hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, oxygen, and hydrogen (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
2(NH4)2CO3Ammonium carbonate
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNHydrogen cyanide + 2NH3โ†‘Ammonia + 3O2โ†‘Oxygen + 4H2โ†‘Hydrogen

General equation

Thermal decomposition with redox
Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
(NH4)2CO3Ammonium carbonate2
Self redox agent
Thermally decomposable
Oxoacid salt

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
HCNHydrogen cyanide2
Reduced
โ€“
NH3Ammonia2
โ€“
โ€“
O2Oxygen3
Oxidized
โ€“
H2Hydrogen4
Reduced
โ€“

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1579.3 kJ/mol
K0.21 ร— 10โˆ’276
pK276.68
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2006.31579.31432.7โ€“
per 1 mol of
1003.1789.65716.35โ€“
per 1 mol of
1003.1789.65716.35โ€“
per 1 mol of
1003.1789.65716.35โ€“
per 1 mol of
668.77526.43477.57โ€“
per 1 mol of
501.57394.82358.18โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1649.7 kJ/mol
K0.97 ร— 10โˆ’289
pK289.01
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1989.51649.73218โ€“
per 1 mol of
994.75824.851609โ€“
per 1 mol of
994.75824.851609โ€“
per 1 mol of
994.75824.851609โ€“
per 1 mol of
663.17549.901073โ€“
per 1 mol of
497.38412.43804.5โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1628.5 kJ/mol
K0.50 ร— 10โˆ’285
pK285.30
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1971.21628.51149.9โ€“
per 1 mol of
985.60814.25574.95โ€“
per 1 mol of
985.60814.25574.95โ€“
per 1 mol of
985.60814.25574.95โ€“
per 1 mol of
657.07542.83383.30โ€“
per 1 mol of
492.80407.13287.48โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1698.9 kJ/mol
K0.23 ร— 10โˆ’297
pK297.63
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1954.41698.92935โ€“
per 1 mol of
977.20849.451468โ€“
per 1 mol of
977.20849.451468โ€“
per 1 mol of
977.20849.451468โ€“
per 1 mol of
651.47566.30978.3โ€“
per 1 mol of
488.60424.73733.8โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (5)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1559.2 kJ/mol
K0.69 ร— 10โˆ’273
pK273.16
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1937.91559.21270.4โ€“
per 1 mol of
968.95779.60635.20โ€“
per 1 mol of
968.95779.60635.20โ€“
per 1 mol of
968.95779.60635.20โ€“
per 1 mol of
645.97519.73423.47โ€“
per 1 mol of
484.48389.80317.60โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (6)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1629.6 kJ/mol
K0.32 ร— 10โˆ’285
pK285.49
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1921.11629.63056โ€“
per 1 mol of
960.55814.801528โ€“
per 1 mol of
960.55814.801528โ€“
per 1 mol of
960.55814.801528โ€“
per 1 mol of
640.37543.201019โ€“
per 1 mol of
480.27407.40764.0โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (7)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1608.4 kJ/mol
K0.17 ร— 10โˆ’281
pK281.78
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1902.81608.4987.6โ€“
per 1 mol of
951.40804.20493.8โ€“
per 1 mol of
951.40804.20493.8โ€“
per 1 mol of
951.40804.20493.8โ€“
per 1 mol of
634.27536.13329.2โ€“
per 1 mol of
475.70402.10246.9โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (8)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1678.8 kJ/mol
K0.77 ร— 10โˆ’294
pK294.11
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1886.01678.82773โ€“
per 1 mol of
943.00839.401387โ€“
per 1 mol of
943.00839.401387โ€“
per 1 mol of
943.00839.401387โ€“
per 1 mol of
628.67559.60924.3โ€“
per 1 mol of
471.50419.70693.3โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (9)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1684.7 kJ/mol
K0.71 ร— 10โˆ’295
pK295.15
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2093.31684.71371.5โ€“
per 1 mol of
1046.7842.35685.75โ€“
per 1 mol of
1046.7842.35685.75โ€“
per 1 mol of
1046.7842.35685.75โ€“
per 1 mol of
697.77561.57457.17โ€“
per 1 mol of
523.33421.18342.88โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (10)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1755.1 kJ/mol
K0.33 ร— 10โˆ’307
pK307.48
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2076.51755.13157โ€“
per 1 mol of
1038.3877.551579โ€“
per 1 mol of
1038.3877.551579โ€“
per 1 mol of
1038.3877.551579โ€“
per 1 mol of
692.17585.031052โ€“
per 1 mol of
519.13438.77789.3โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (11)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1733.9 kJ/mol
K0.17 ร— 10โˆ’303
pK303.77
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2058.21733.91088.7โ€“
per 1 mol of
1029.1866.95544.35โ€“
per 1 mol of
1029.1866.95544.35โ€“
per 1 mol of
1029.1866.95544.35โ€“
per 1 mol of
686.07577.97362.90โ€“
per 1 mol of
514.55433.48272.18โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (12)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1804.3 kJ/mol
K0.79 ร— 10โˆ’316
pK316.10
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Gas + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2041.41804.32874โ€“
per 1 mol of
1020.7902.151437โ€“
per 1 mol of
1020.7902.151437โ€“
per 1 mol of
1020.7902.151437โ€“
per 1 mol of
680.47601.43958.0โ€“
per 1 mol of
510.35451.07718.5โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (13)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1664.6 kJ/mol
K0.24 ร— 10โˆ’291
pK291.63
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2024.91664.61209.2โ€“
per 1 mol of
1012.5832.30604.60โ€“
per 1 mol of
1012.5832.30604.60โ€“
per 1 mol of
1012.5832.30604.60โ€“
per 1 mol of
674.97554.87403.07โ€“
per 1 mol of
506.23416.15302.30โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (14)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1735.0 kJ/mol
K0.11 ร— 10โˆ’303
pK303.96
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Gas + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
2008.11735.02994โ€“
per 1 mol of
1004.0867.501497โ€“
per 1 mol of
1004.0867.501497โ€“
per 1 mol of
1004.0867.501497โ€“
per 1 mol of
669.37578.33998.0โ€“
per 1 mol of
502.02433.75748.5โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (15)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1713.8 kJ/mol
K0.57 ร— 10โˆ’300
pK300.24
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1989.81713.8926.4โ€“
per 1 mol of
994.90856.90463.2โ€“
per 1 mol of
994.90856.90463.2โ€“
per 1 mol of
994.90856.90463.2โ€“
per 1 mol of
663.27571.27308.8โ€“
per 1 mol of
497.45428.45231.6โ€“

Changes in aqueous solution (16)

Decomposition of ammonium carbonate
โ—†
ฮ”rG1784.2 kJ/mol
K0.26 ร— 10โˆ’312
pK312.58
2(NH4)2CO3Ionized aqueous solution
๐Ÿ”ฅ
โŸถ
2HCNIonized aqueous solution + 2NH3โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3O2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution + 4H2โ†‘Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ฮ”rHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ฮ”rGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ฮ”rSยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ฮ”rCpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
per 1 mol of
Equation
1973.01784.22712โ€“
per 1 mol of
986.50892.101356โ€“
per 1 mol of
986.50892.101356โ€“
per 1 mol of
986.50892.101356โ€“
per 1 mol of
657.67594.73904.0โ€“
per 1 mol of
493.25446.05678.0โ€“

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ฮ”fHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ฮ”fGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
molar entropy
Sยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
(NH4)2CO3 (ai)-942.15[1]-686.42[1]169.9[1]โ€“
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ฮ”fHยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ฮ”fGยฐ
kJ ยท molโˆ’1		Standard
molar entropy
Sยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cpยฐ
J ยท Kโˆ’1 ยท molโˆ’1
HCN (l)108.87[1]124.97[1]112.84[1]70.63[1]
HCN (g)135.1[1]124.7[1]201.78[1]35.86[1]
HCN (ai)150.6[1]172.4[1]94.1[1]โ€“
HCN (ao)107.1[1]119.7[1]124.7[1]โ€“
NH3 (g)-46.11[1]-16.45[1]192.45[1]35.06[1]
NH3 (ao)-80.29[1]-26.50[1]111.3[1]โ€“
O2 (g)0[1]0[1]205.138[1]29.355[1]
O2 (ao)-11.7[1]16.4[1]110.9[1]โ€“
H2 (g)0[1]0[1]130.684[1]28.824[1]
H2 (ao)-4.2[1]17.6[1]577[1]โ€“
* (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)