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2NH4Cl + 4HNO3 → 6NO↑ + Cl2↑ + 6H2O

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Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
2NH4ClAmmonium chloride + 4HNO3Nitric acid
⟶
6NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + Cl2↑Chlorine + 6H2OWater

The reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid yields nitrogen monoxide, chlorine, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
2NH4ClAmmonium chloride + 4HNO3Nitric acid
⟶
6NO↑Nitrogen monoxide + Cl2↑Chlorine + 6H2OWater

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NH4ClAmmonium chloride2
Reducing
Reducing
HNO3Nitric acid4
Oxidizing
Oxidizing

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NONitrogen monoxide6
Redoxed product
–
Cl2Chlorine1
Oxidized
–
H2OWater6
–
–

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−174.89 kJ/mol
K4.36 × 1030
pK−30.64
2NH4ClCrystalline solid + 4HNO3Liquid
⟶
6NO↑Gas + Cl2↑Gas + 6H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
151.78−174.891095.557.0
per 1 mol of
75.890−87.445547.7528.5
per 1 mol of
37.945−43.722273.8814.3
per 1 mol of
25.297−29.148182.589.50
per 1 mol of
151.78−174.891095.557.0
per 1 mol of
25.297−29.148182.589.50

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−37.43 kJ/mol
K3.61 × 106
pK−6.56
2NH4ClIonized aqueous solution + 4HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
6NO↑Gas + Cl2↑Gas + 6H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
255.28−37.43981.71124.1
per 1 mol of
127.64−18.71490.9562.05
per 1 mol of
63.820−9.357245.4281.02
per 1 mol of
42.547−6.238163.6187.35
per 1 mol of
255.28−37.43981.71124.1
per 1 mol of
42.547−6.238163.6187.35

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
◆
ΔrG−30.49 kJ/mol
K2.20 × 105
pK−5.34
2NH4ClIonized aqueous solution + 4HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
⟶
6NO↑Gas + Cl2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 6H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
231.9−30.49880–
per 1 mol of
116.0−15.24440–
per 1 mol of
57.98−7.622220–
per 1 mol of
38.65−5.082147–
per 1 mol of
231.9−30.49880–
per 1 mol of
38.65−5.082147–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NH4Cl (cr)-314.43[1]-202.87[1]94.6[1]84.1[1]
NH4Cl (ai)-299.66[1]-210.52[1]169.9[1]-56.5[1]
HNO3 (l)-174.10[1]-80.71[1]155.60[1]109.87[1]
HNO3 (g)-135.06[1]-74.72[1]266.38[1]53.35[1]
HNO3 (ai)-207.36[1]-111.25[1]146.4[1]-86.6[1]
HNO3 (l)
1 hydrate
-473.46[1]-328.77[1]216.90[1]182.46[1]
HNO3 (l)
3 hydrate
-1056.04[1]-811.09[1]346.98[1]325.14[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NO (g)90.25[1]86.55[1]210.761[1]29.844[1]
Cl2 (g)0[1]0[1]223.066[1]33.907[1]
Cl2 (ao)-23.4[1]6.94[1]121[1]–
H2O (cr)––––
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)