2NH4Cl + 4HNO3 → 6NO↑ + Cl2↑ + 6H2O
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- Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
The reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid yields nitrogen monoxide, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid
Reactants
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4Cl | Ammonium chloride | 2 | Reducing | Reducing |
HNO3 | Nitric acid | 4 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO | Nitrogen monoxide | 6 | Redoxed product | – |
1 | Oxidized | – | ||
H2O | Water | 6 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG −174.89 kJ/mol K 4.36 × 1030 pK −30.64
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 151.78 | −174.89 | 1095.5 | 57.0 |
per 1 mol of | 75.890 | −87.445 | 547.75 | 28.5 |
per 1 mol of | 37.945 | −43.722 | 273.88 | 14.3 |
per 1 mol of | 25.297 | −29.148 | 182.58 | 9.50 |
151.78 | −174.89 | 1095.5 | 57.0 | |
per 1 mol of | 25.297 | −29.148 | 182.58 | 9.50 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG −37.43 kJ/mol K 3.61 × 106 pK −6.56
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 255.28 | −37.43 | 981.7 | 1124.1 |
per 1 mol of | 127.64 | −18.71 | 490.9 | 562.05 |
per 1 mol of | 63.820 | −9.357 | 245.4 | 281.02 |
per 1 mol of | 42.547 | −6.238 | 163.6 | 187.35 |
255.28 | −37.43 | 981.7 | 1124.1 | |
per 1 mol of | 42.547 | −6.238 | 163.6 | 187.35 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG −30.49 kJ/mol K 2.20 × 105 pK −5.34
Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 231.9 | −30.49 | 880 | – |
per 1 mol of | 116.0 | −15.24 | 440 | – |
per 1 mol of | 57.98 | −7.622 | 220 | – |
per 1 mol of | 38.65 | −5.082 | 147 | – |
231.9 | −30.49 | 880 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 38.65 | −5.082 | 147 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NH4Cl (cr) | -314.43[1] | -202.87[1] | 94.6[1] | 84.1[1] |
NH4Cl (ai) | -299.66[1] | -210.52[1] | 169.9[1] | -56.5[1] |
HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
NO (g) | 90.25[1] | 86.55[1] | 210.761[1] | 29.844[1] |
(g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
(ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -314.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -202.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 84.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -299.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 169.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 90.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 86.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 210.761 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.844 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1