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2NH4CN + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4 + 2HCN

The reaction of ammonium cyanide and sulfuric acid yields ammonium sulfate and hydrogen cyanide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Oxidation state of each atom

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
NH4CNAmmonium cyanide2
Brønsted base
Salt of weak acid
Salt of volatile acid
H2SO4Sulfuric acid1
Brønsted acid
Strong acid
Nonvolatile acid

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
(NH4)2SO4Ammonium sulfate1
Conjugate base
Salt of strong acid
Salt of non volatile acid
HCNHydrogen cyanide2
Conjugate acid
Weak acid
Volatile acid

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of ammonium cyanide and sulfuric acid
2NH4CNCrystalline solid + H2SO4Liquid
(NH4)2SO4Crystalline solid + 2HCNLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−149.96−78
per 1 mol of
−74.980−39
per 1 mol of
−149.96−78
per 1 mol of
−149.96−78
per 1 mol of
−74.980−39

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of ammonium cyanide and sulfuric acid
ΔrG−105.2 kJ/mol
K2.69 × 1018
pK−18.43
2NH4CNIonized aqueous solution + H2SO4Ionized aqueous solution
(NH4)2SO4Ionized aqueous solution + 2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−86.8−105.261.2
per 1 mol of
−43.4−52.6030.6
per 1 mol of
−86.8−105.261.2
per 1 mol of
−86.8−105.261.2
per 1 mol of
−43.4−52.6030.6

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of ammonium cyanide and sulfuric acid
2NH4CNAqueous solution + H2SO4Ionized aqueous solution
(NH4)2SO4Ionized aqueous solution + 2HCNUn-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−115.2
per 1 mol of
−57.60
per 1 mol of
−115.2
per 1 mol of
−115.2
per 1 mol of
−57.60

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of ammonium cyanide and sulfuric acid
ΔrG0.2 kJ/mol
K0.92 × 100
pK0.04
2NH4CNIonized aqueous solution + H2SO4Ionized aqueous solution
(NH4)2SO4Ionized aqueous solution + 2HCNIonized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
0.20.20.0
per 1 mol of
0.100.100.0
per 1 mol of
0.200.200.0
per 1 mol of
0.200.200.0
per 1 mol of
0.100.100.0

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of ammonium cyanide and sulfuric acid
2NH4CNAqueous solution + H2SO4Ionized aqueous solution
(NH4)2SO4Ionized aqueous solution + 2HCNIonized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−28.2
per 1 mol of
−14.1
per 1 mol of
−28.2
per 1 mol of
−28.2
per 1 mol of
−14.1

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
NH4CN (cr)0.42[1]134[1]
NH4CN (ai)18.0[1]93.0[1]207.5[1]
NH4CN (aq)32.2[1]
H2SO4 (cr)
H2SO4 (l)-813.989[1]-690.003[1]156.904[1]138.91[1]
H2SO4 (ai)-909.27[1]-744.53[1]20.1[1]-293[1]
H2SO4 (l)
1 hydrate
-1127.621[1]-950.383[1]211.54[1]214.85[1]
H2SO4 (l)
2 hydrate
-1427.100[1]-1199.650[1]276.40[1]260.83[1]
H2SO4 (l)
3 hydrate
-1720.402[1]-1443.980[1]345.39[1]318.95[1]
H2SO4 (l)
4 hydrate
-2011.199[1]-1685.863[1]414.59[1]382.21[1]
H2SO4 (l)
6.5 hydrate
-2733.256[1]-2285.734[1]587.89[1]570.28[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (aq):Aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
(NH4)2SO4 (cr)-1180.85[1]-901.67[1]220.1[1]187.49[1]
(NH4)2SO4 (ai)-1174.28[1]-903.14[1]246.9[1]-133.1[1]
HCN (l)108.87[1]124.97[1]112.84[1]70.63[1]
HCN (g)135.1[1]124.7[1]201.78[1]35.86[1]
HCN (ai)150.6[1]172.4[1]94.1[1]
HCN (ao)107.1[1]119.7[1]124.7[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)