2CoCl2 + 2KMnO4 + 8H+ 🔥→ 2Co3+ + 2KClO2 + MnCl2 + Mn2+ + 4H2O
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- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 2CoCl2Cobalt(II) chloride + 2KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 8H+Hydrogen ion2Co3+Cobalt(III) ion + 2KClO2Potassium chlorite + MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 4H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of cobalt(II) chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields cobalt(III) ion, potassium chlorite, manganese(II) chloride, manganese(II) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 2CoCl2Cobalt(II) chloride + 2KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 8H+Hydrogen ion2Co3+Cobalt(III) ion + 2KClO2Potassium chlorite + MnCl2Manganese(II) chloride + Mn2+Manganese(II) ion + 4H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCl2 | Cobalt(II) chloride | 2 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 8 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co3+ | Cobalt(III) ion | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| KClO2 | Potassium chlorite | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 1 | Reduced | – |
| Mn2+ | Manganese(II) ion | 1 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 4 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 163 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−28 pK 28.56
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 0 | 163 | −545 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0 | 81.5 | −273 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0 | 81.5 | −273 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 0 | 20.4 | −68.1 | – |
per 1 mol of Cobalt(III) ion | 0 | 81.5 | −273 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0 | 81.5 | −273 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0 | 163 | −545 | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | 0 | 163 | −545 | – |
per 1 mol of | 0 | 40.8 | −136 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 162 kJ/mol K 0.42 × 10−28 pK 28.38
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 162 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 81.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 81.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | 20.3 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Cobalt(III) ion | – | 81.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 81.0 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 162 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Manganese(II) ion | – | 162 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 40.5 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCl2 (cr) | -312.5[1] | -269.8[1] | 109.16[1] | 78.49[1] |
| CoCl2 (ai) | -392.5[1] | -316.7[1] | 0[1] | – |
| CoCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -615[1] | – | – | – |
| CoCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -923.0[1] | -764.7[1] | 188[1] | – |
| CoCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2115.4[1] | -1725.2[1] | 343[1] | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co3+ (g) | 6082.7[1] | – | – | – |
| Co3+ (ao) | 92[1] | 134[1] | -305[1] | – |
| KClO2 (ai) | -318.8[1] | -266.1[1] | 203.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | – | – | – |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | – | -492.0[1] | – | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| Mn2+ (g) | 2519.69[1] | – | – | – |
| Mn2+ (ao) | -220.75[1] | -228.1[1] | -73.6[1] | 50[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -312.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -269.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109.16 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 78.49 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -392.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -316.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -615. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -923.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -764.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2115.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1725.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 343. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 6082.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 92. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 134. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -305. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -318.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -266.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 203.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -481.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 118.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -263.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -555.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -490.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 38.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -222. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -492.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -789.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -696.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1092.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -942.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 218.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1687.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1423.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2519.69 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -220.75 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -73.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1