2CuCl + 4HNO3 🔥→ 2Cu(NO3)2 + 2HCl↑ + H2↑
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- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
The reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid yields copper(II) nitrate, hydrogen chloride, and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuCl | Copper(I) chloride | 2 | Reducing | Oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 4 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 | Copper(II) nitrate | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 2 | – | – |
| 1 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 180.4 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.20 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 45.10 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.20 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.20 | – | – | – |
| 180.4 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 180.08 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−31 pK 31.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 219.3 | 180.08 | 133.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 109.7 | 90.040 | 66.55 | – |
per 1 mol of | 54.83 | 45.020 | 33.27 | – |
per 1 mol of | 109.7 | 90.040 | 66.55 | – |
per 1 mol of | 109.7 | 90.040 | 66.55 | – |
| 219.3 | 180.08 | 133.1 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 197.7 kJ/mol K 0.23 × 10−34 pK 34.64
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 215.1 | 197.7 | 579 | – |
per 1 mol of | 107.5 | 98.85 | 290 | – |
per 1 mol of | 53.77 | 49.42 | 145 | – |
per 1 mol of | 107.5 | 98.85 | 290 | – |
per 1 mol of | 107.5 | 98.85 | 290 | – |
| 215.1 | 197.7 | 579 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 108.22 kJ/mol K 0.11 × 10−18 pK 18.96
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 69.6 | 108.22 | −127.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 34.8 | 54.110 | −63.85 | – |
per 1 mol of | 17.4 | 27.055 | −31.93 | – |
per 1 mol of | 34.8 | 54.110 | −63.85 | – |
per 1 mol of | 34.8 | 54.110 | −63.85 | – |
| 69.6 | 108.22 | −127.7 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of copper(I) chloride and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 125.8 kJ/mol K 0.91 × 10−22 pK 22.04
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 65.4 | 125.8 | 319 | – |
per 1 mol of | 32.7 | 62.90 | 160 | – |
per 1 mol of | 16.4 | 31.45 | 79.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | 32.7 | 62.90 | 160 | – |
per 1 mol of | 32.7 | 62.90 | 160 | – |
| 65.4 | 125.8 | 319 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuCl (cr) | -137.2[1] | -119.86[1] | 86.2[1] | 48.5[1] |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) | -302.9[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (ai) | -349.95[1] | -157.02[1] | 193.3[1] | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1217.1[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu(NO3)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2110.8[1] | – | – | – |
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -137.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -119.86 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 86.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 48.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -302.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -349.95 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -157.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 193.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1217.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2110.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1