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2H+ + CO32− → H2CO3

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Reaction of hydrogen ion and carbonate ion
2H+Hydrogen ion + CO32−Carbonate ion
⟶
H2CO3Carbonic acid

The reaction of hydrogen ion and carbonate ion yields carbonic acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an acid-base reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of hydrogen ion and carbonate ion
2H+Hydrogen ion + CO32−Carbonate ion
⟶
H2CO3Carbonic acid

General equation

Reaction of cation and anion
CationLewis acid + AnionLewis base
⟶
ProductLewis conjugate + (H2O)
Reaction of hydrogen ion and anion
H+Lewis acid + AnionLewis base
⟶
Acid/Acid salt ionLewis conjugate + (H2O)

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of hydrogen ion and carbonate ion

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
H+Hydrogen ion2
Lewis acid
Cation
Hydrogen ion
CO32−Carbonate ion1
Lewis base
Anion

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
H2CO3Carbonic acid1
Lewis conjugate
–
Acid

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of hydrogen ion and carbonate ion
◆
ΔrG−95.27 kJ/mol
K4.90 × 1016
pK−16.69
2H+Un-ionized aqueous solution + CO32−Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
H2CO3Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−22.51−95.27244.3–
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
−11.26−47.63122.2–
per 1 mol of
Carbonate ion
−22.51−95.27244.3–
per 1 mol of
−22.51−95.27244.3–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
H+ (g)1536.202[1]–––
H+ (ao)0[1]0[1]0[1]0[1]
CO32− (ao)-677.14[1]-527.81[1]-56.9[1]–
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
H2CO3 (ao)-699.65[1]-623.08[1]187.4[1]–
* (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)