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2Li + 2HNO3 → 2LiNO3 + H2

The reaction of lithium and nitric acid yields lithium nitrate and hydrogen (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

General equation

Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Reaction of active metal and acid
Active metalReducing agent + AcidOxidizing agent
SaltOxidation product + H2Reduction product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of lithium and nitric acid

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
LiLithium2
Reducing
Reducing
Active metal
HNO3Nitric acid2
Oxidizing
Oxidizing
Acid

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
LiNO3Lithium nitrate2
Oxidized
Salt
H2Hydrogen1
Reduced
Hydrogen

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition

Reaction of lithium and nitric acid
ΔrG−600.8 kJ/mol
K1.80 × 10105
pK−105.26
2LiCrystalline solid + 2HNO3Liquid
2LiNO3Crystalline solid + H2Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−618.06−600.8−58.8
per 1 mol of
−309.03−300.4−29.4
per 1 mol of
−309.03−300.4−29.4
per 1 mol of
−309.03−300.4−29.4
per 1 mol of
−618.06−600.8−58.8

Changes in aqueous solution (1)

Reaction of lithium and nitric acid
ΔrG−586.5 kJ/mol
K5.63 × 10102
pK−102.75
2LiCrystalline solid + 2HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
2LiNO3Ionized aqueous solution + H2Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−556.98−586.5100.0116.5
per 1 mol of
−278.49−293.350.0058.25
per 1 mol of
−278.49−293.350.0058.25
per 1 mol of
−278.49−293.350.0058.25
per 1 mol of
−556.98−586.5100.0116.5

Changes in aqueous solution (2)

Reaction of lithium and nitric acid
ΔrG−568.9 kJ/mol
K4.64 × 1099
pK−99.67
2LiCrystalline solid + 2HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
2LiNO3Ionized aqueous solution + H2Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−561.2−568.9546
per 1 mol of
−280.6−284.4273
per 1 mol of
−280.6−284.4273
per 1 mol of
−280.6−284.4273
per 1 mol of
−561.2−568.9546

Changes in aqueous solution (3)

Reaction of lithium and nitric acid
ΔrG−590.7 kJ/mol
K3.06 × 10103
pK−103.49
2LiCrystalline solid + 2HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
2LiNO3Un-ionized aqueous solution + H2Gas
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−590.7
per 1 mol of
−295.4
per 1 mol of
−295.4
per 1 mol of
−295.4
per 1 mol of
−590.7

Changes in aqueous solution (4)

Reaction of lithium and nitric acid
ΔrG−573.1 kJ/mol
K2.53 × 10100
pK−100.40
2LiCrystalline solid + 2HNO3Ionized aqueous solution
2LiNO3Un-ionized aqueous solution + H2Un-ionized aqueous solution
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−573.1
per 1 mol of
−286.6
per 1 mol of
−286.6
per 1 mol of
−286.6
per 1 mol of
−573.1

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Li (cr)0[1]0[1]29.12[1]24.77[1]
Li (g)159.37[1]126.66[1]138.77[1]20.786[1]
HNO3 (l)-174.10[1]-80.71[1]155.60[1]109.87[1]
HNO3 (g)-135.06[1]-74.72[1]266.38[1]53.35[1]
HNO3 (ai)-207.36[1]-111.25[1]146.4[1]-86.6[1]
HNO3 (l)
1 hydrate
-473.46[1]-328.77[1]216.90[1]182.46[1]
HNO3 (l)
3 hydrate
-1056.04[1]-811.09[1]346.98[1]325.14[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1
Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1
Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
LiNO3 (cr)-483.13[1]-381.1[1]90.0[1]
LiNO3 (ai)-485.85[1]-404.5[1]160.2[1]-18.0[1]
LiNO3 (ao)-406.6[1]
LiNO3 (cr)
3 hydrate
-1374.4[1]-1103.5[1]223.4[1]
H2 (g)0[1]0[1]130.684[1]28.824[1]
H2 (ao)-4.2[1]17.6[1]577[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)