2NaCl + RbClO4 + 2H+ 🔥→ 2Na+ + RbClO3 + Cl2↑ + H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 2NaClSodium chloride + RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 2H+Hydrogen ion2Na+Sodium ion + RbClO3Rubidium chlorate + ↑ + H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, rubidium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium ion, rubidium chlorate, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 2NaClSodium chloride + RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 2H+Hydrogen ion2Na+Sodium ion + RbClO3Rubidium chlorate + ↑ + H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 2 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| RbClO4 | Rubidium perchlorate | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 2 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ | Sodium ion | 2 | – | – |
| RbClO3 | Rubidium chlorate | 1 | Reduced | – |
| 1 | Oxidized | – | ||
| H2O | Water | 1 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 25.99 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−4 pK 4.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 73.82 | 25.99 | 160.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 36.91 | 12.99 | 80.20 | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.82 | 25.99 | 160.4 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 36.91 | 12.99 | 80.20 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 36.91 | 12.99 | 80.20 | – |
per 1 mol of | 73.82 | 25.99 | 160.4 | – |
| 73.82 | 25.99 | 160.4 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 73.82 | 25.99 | 160.4 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 32.93 kJ/mol K 0.17 × 10−5 pK 5.77
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 50.4 | 32.93 | 58 | – |
per 1 mol of | 25.2 | 16.46 | 29 | – |
per 1 mol of | 50.4 | 32.93 | 58 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 25.2 | 16.46 | 29 | – |
per 1 mol of Sodium ion | 25.2 | 16.46 | 29 | – |
per 1 mol of | 50.4 | 32.93 | 58 | – |
| 50.4 | 32.93 | 58 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 50.4 | 32.93 | 58 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| RbClO4 (cr) | -437.23[1] | -306.90[1] | 161.1[1] | – |
| RbClO4 (ai) | -380.49[1] | -292.51[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na+ (g) | 609.358[1] | – | – | – |
| Na+ (ao) | -240.12[1] | -261.905[1] | 59.0[1] | 46.4[1] |
| RbClO3 (cr) | -402.9[1] | -300.3[1] | 151.9[1] | 103.18[1] |
| RbClO3 (ai) | -355.14[1] | -291.85[1] | 283.7[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -437.23 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -306.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -380.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 609.358 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -261.905 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 59.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -402.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 151.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 103.18 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -355.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -291.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 283.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1