2Na + 2NH4Cl → 2NaCl + 2NH3↑ + H2↑
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- Reaction of and ammonium chloride
The reaction of and ammonium chloride yields sodium chloride, ammonia, and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Reducing | Reducing | ||
| NH4Cl | Ammonium chloride | 2 | Oxidizing | Reducible |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 2 | Oxidized | – |
| NH3 | Ammonia | 2 | – | – |
| 1 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride◆
ΔrG −395.44 kJ/mol K 1.90 × 1069 pK −69.28
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −285.67 | −395.44 | 368.2 | −24.7 |
| −142.84 | −197.72 | 184.1 | −12.3 | |
per 1 mol of | −142.84 | −197.72 | 184.1 | −12.3 |
per 1 mol of | −142.84 | −197.72 | 184.1 | −12.3 |
per 1 mol of | −142.84 | −197.72 | 184.1 | −12.3 |
| −285.67 | −395.44 | 368.2 | −24.7 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride◆
ΔrG −398.13 kJ/mol K 5.62 × 1069 pK −69.75
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −307.44 | −398.13 | 304.4 | −24.5 |
| −153.72 | −199.06 | 152.2 | −12.3 | |
per 1 mol of | −153.72 | −199.06 | 152.2 | −12.3 |
per 1 mol of | −153.72 | −199.06 | 152.2 | −12.3 |
per 1 mol of | −153.72 | −199.06 | 152.2 | −12.3 |
| −307.44 | −398.13 | 304.4 | −24.5 |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride◆
ΔrG −380.5 kJ/mol K 4.58 × 1066 pK −66.66
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −311.6 | −380.5 | 751 | – |
| −155.8 | −190.3 | 376 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −155.8 | −190.3 | 376 | – |
per 1 mol of | −155.8 | −190.3 | 376 | – |
per 1 mol of | −155.8 | −190.3 | 376 | – |
| −311.6 | −380.5 | 751 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride◆
ΔrG −418.23 kJ/mol K 1.87 × 1073 pK −73.27
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −375.80 | −418.23 | 142.1 | – |
| −187.90 | −209.12 | 71.05 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −187.90 | −209.12 | 71.05 | – |
per 1 mol of | −187.90 | −209.12 | 71.05 | – |
per 1 mol of | −187.90 | −209.12 | 71.05 | – |
| −375.80 | −418.23 | 142.1 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of and ammonium chloride◆
ΔrG −400.6 kJ/mol K 1.52 × 1070 pK −70.18
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −380.0 | −400.6 | 588 | – |
| −190.0 | −200.3 | 294 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −190.0 | −200.3 | 294 | – |
per 1 mol of | −190.0 | −200.3 | 294 | – |
per 1 mol of | −190.0 | −200.3 | 294 | – |
| −380.0 | −400.6 | 588 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 51.21[1] | 28.24[1] |
| (g) | 107.32[1] | 76.761[1] | 153.712[1] | 20.786[1] |
| NH4Cl (cr) | -314.43[1] | -202.87[1] | 94.6[1] | 84.1[1] |
| NH4Cl (ai) | -299.66[1] | -210.52[1] | 169.9[1] | -56.5[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| NH3 (g) | -46.11[1] | -16.45[1] | 192.45[1] | 35.06[1] |
| NH3 (ao) | -80.29[1] | -26.50[1] | 111.3[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 130.684[1] | 28.824[1] |
| (ao) | -4.2[1] | 17.6[1] | 577[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 51.21 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 107.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 76.761 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 153.712 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -314.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -202.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 84.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -299.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 169.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -46.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -16.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.45 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -26.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 130.684 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 28.824 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -4.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 17.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 577 J · K−1 · mol−1