33HCl + 63RbClO4 + 63H+ 🔥→ 8HClO4 + 88ClO2 + 63Rb+ + 44H2O
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- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 33HClHydrogen chloride + 63RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 63H+Hydrogen ion8HClO4Perchloric acid + 88ClO2Chlorine dioxide + 63Rb+Rubidium ion + 44H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of hydrogen chloride, rubidium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields perchloric acid, chlorine dioxide, rubidium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 33HClHydrogen chloride + 63RbClO4Rubidium perchlorate + 63H+Hydrogen ion8HClO4Perchloric acid + 88ClO2Chlorine dioxide + 63Rb+Rubidium ion + 44H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl | Hydrogen chloride | 33 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| RbClO4 | Rubidium perchlorate | 63 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 63 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 8 | Oxidized | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 88 | Redoxed product | – |
| Rb+ | Rubidium ion | 63 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 44 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 4970.1 kJ/mol K 0.19 × 10−870 pK 870.72
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 9072.2 | 4970.1 | 13816.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 274.92 | 150.61 | 418.670 | – |
per 1 mol of | 144.00 | 78.890 | 219.303 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 144.00 | 78.890 | 219.303 | – |
per 1 mol of | 1134.0 | 621.26 | 1727.01 | – |
per 1 mol of | 103.09 | 56.478 | 157.001 | – |
per 1 mol of Rubidium ion | 144.00 | 78.890 | 219.303 | – |
per 1 mol of | 206.19 | 112.96 | 314.002 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of hydrogen chloride and rubidium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 4934.9 kJ/mol K 0.28 × 10−864 pK 864.56
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 6643.4 | 4934.9 | 5716.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 201.32 | 149.54 | 173.23 | – |
per 1 mol of | 105.45 | 78.332 | 90.738 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 105.45 | 78.332 | 90.738 | – |
per 1 mol of | 830.42 | 616.86 | 714.56 | – |
per 1 mol of | 75.493 | 56.078 | 64.960 | – |
per 1 mol of Rubidium ion | 105.45 | 78.332 | 90.738 | – |
per 1 mol of | 150.99 | 112.16 | 129.92 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCl (g) | -92.307[1] | -95.299[1] | 186.908[1] | 29.12[1] |
| HCl (ai) | -167.159[1] | -131.228[1] | 56.5[1] | -136.4[1] |
| RbClO4 (cr) | -437.23[1] | -306.90[1] | 161.1[1] | – |
| RbClO4 (ai) | -380.49[1] | -292.51[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| Rb+ (g) | 490.101[1] | – | – | – |
| Rb+ (ao) | -251.17[1] | -283.98[1] | 121.50[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -92.307 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -95.299 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 186.908 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.12 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -167.159 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -131.228 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -136.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -437.23 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -306.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -380.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 490.101 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -251.17 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1