33NaCl + 13CsClO3 + 12H+ 🔥→ 33NaClO + 6Cl2↑ + CsCl + 12Cs+ + 6H2O
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- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium chlorate under acidic condition
- 33NaClSodium chloride + 13CsClO3Caesium chlorate + 12H+Hydrogen ion33NaClOSodium hypochlorite + 6↑ + CsClCaesium chloride + 12Cs+Caesium ion + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
The reaction of sodium chloride, caesium chlorate, and hydrogen ion yields sodium hypochlorite, , caesium chloride, caesium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium chlorate under acidic condition
- 33NaClSodium chloride + 13CsClO3Caesium chlorate + 12H+Hydrogen ion33NaClOSodium hypochlorite + 6↑ + CsClCaesium chloride + 12Cs+Caesium ion + 6H2OWater🔥⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium chlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | Sodium chloride | 33 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| CsClO3 | Caesium chlorate | 13 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 12 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO | Sodium hypochlorite | 33 | Redoxed product | – |
| 6 | Reduced | – | ||
| CsCl | Caesium chloride | 1 | – | – |
| Cs+ | Caesium ion | 12 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 6 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium chlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1665.6 kJ/mol K 0.16 × 10−291 pK 291.80
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1448.5 | 1665.6 | −808 | – |
per 1 mol of | 43.894 | 50.473 | −24.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 111.42 | 128.12 | −62.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 120.71 | 138.80 | −67.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 43.894 | 50.473 | −24.5 | – |
| 241.42 | 277.60 | −135 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 1448.5 | 1665.6 | −808 | – |
per 1 mol of Caesium ion | 120.71 | 138.80 | −67.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 241.42 | 277.60 | −135 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of sodium chloride and caesium chlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG 1707.3 kJ/mol K 0.78 × 10−299 pK 299.11
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 1308.1 | 1707.3 | −1420 | – |
per 1 mol of | 39.639 | 51.736 | −43.03 | – |
per 1 mol of | 100.62 | 131.33 | −109.2 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | 109.01 | 142.28 | −118.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 39.639 | 51.736 | −43.03 | – |
| 218.02 | 284.55 | −236.7 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 1308.1 | 1707.3 | −1420 | – |
per 1 mol of Caesium ion | 109.01 | 142.28 | −118.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | 218.02 | 284.55 | −236.7 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl (cr) | -411.153[1] | -384.138[1] | 72.13[1] | 50.50[1] |
| NaCl (g) | -176.65[1] | -196.66[1] | 229.81[1] | 35.77[1] |
| NaCl (ai) | -407.27[1] | -393.133[1] | 115.5[1] | -90.0[1] |
| CsClO3 (cr) | -411.7[1] | -307.9[1] | 156.1[1] | – |
| CsClO3 (ai) | -362.25[1] | -299.97[1] | 295.4[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaClO (ai) | -347.3[1] | -298.7[1] | 100[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| CsCl (cr) | -443.04[1] | -414.53[1] | 101.17[1] | 52.47[1] |
| CsCl (g) | -240.20[1] | -257.80[1] | 255.96[1] | 36.94[1] |
| CsCl (ai) | -425.43[1] | -423.24[1] | 189.54[1] | -146.9[1] |
| Cs+ (g) | 457.964[1] | – | – | – |
| Cs+ (ao) | -258.28[1] | -292.02[1] | 133.05[1] | -10.5[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.153 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -384.138 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 72.13 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 50.50 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -176.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -196.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 229.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -407.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -393.133 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 115.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -90.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -411.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -307.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 156.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -362.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -299.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 295.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -347.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -298.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 100. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -443.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 101.17 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 52.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -240.20 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -257.80 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 255.96 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -425.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -423.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 189.54 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -146.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 457.964 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -258.28 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -292.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 133.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -10.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1