3(NH4)2S + 4MnO2 → (NH4)2SO4 + 4NH3↑ + 2Mn(OH)2 + 2MnS
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The reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide yields ammonium sulfate, ammonia, manganese(II) hydroxide, and manganese(II) sulfide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and reducible species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2S | Ammonium sulfide | 3 | Reducing | Reducing |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 4 | Oxidizing | Reducible |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2SO4 | Ammonium sulfate | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| NH3 | Ammonia | 4 | – | – |
| Mn(OH)2 | Manganese(II) hydroxide | 2 | Reduced | – |
| MnS | Manganese(II) sulfide | 2 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide◆
ΔrG −557.4 kJ/mol K 4.49 × 1097 pK −97.65
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −402.4 | −557.4 | 523.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −134.1 | −185.8 | 174.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −100.6 | −139.3 | 130.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −402.4 | −557.4 | 523.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | −100.6 | −139.3 | 130.8 | – |
per 1 mol of | −201.2 | −278.7 | 261.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | −201.2 | −278.7 | 261.5 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of ammonium sulfide and manganese(IV) oxide◆
ΔrG −597.6 kJ/mol K 4.95 × 10104 pK −104.69
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −539.1 | −597.6 | 198.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −179.7 | −199.2 | 66.13 | – |
per 1 mol of | −134.8 | −149.4 | 49.60 | – |
per 1 mol of | −539.1 | −597.6 | 198.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | −134.8 | −149.4 | 49.60 | – |
per 1 mol of | −269.6 | −298.8 | 99.20 | – |
per 1 mol of | −269.6 | −298.8 | 99.20 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2S (ai) | -231.8[1] | -72.6[1] | 212.1[1] | – |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (NH4)2SO4 (cr) | -1180.85[1] | -901.67[1] | 220.1[1] | 187.49[1] |
| (NH4)2SO4 (ai) | -1174.28[1] | -903.14[1] | 246.9[1] | -133.1[1] |
| NH3 (g) | -46.11[1] | -16.45[1] | 192.45[1] | 35.06[1] |
| NH3 (ao) | -80.29[1] | -26.50[1] | 111.3[1] | – |
| Mn(OH)2 (am) precipitated | -695.4[1] | -615.0[1] | 99.2[1] | – |
| MnS (cr) green | -214.2[1] | -218.4[1] | 78.2[1] | 49.96[1] |
| MnS (am) precipitated, pink | -213.8[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -231.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -72.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 212.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1180.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -901.67 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 220.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 187.49 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1174.28 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -903.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 246.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -133.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -46.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -16.45 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 192.45 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 35.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -26.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 111.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -695.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -615.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 99.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -218.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 78.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 49.96 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -213.8 kJ · mol−1