3CoCl2 + 13KMnO4 + 16H+ → 3Co3+ + 6KClO3 + 13MnO2 + 7K+ + 8H2O
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- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 3CoCl2Cobalt(II) chloride + 13KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 16H+Hydrogen ion3Co3+Cobalt(III) ion + 6KClO3Potassium chlorate + 13MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 7K+Potassium ion + 8H2OWater⟶
The reaction of cobalt(II) chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields cobalt(III) ion, potassium chlorate, manganese(IV) oxide, potassium ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 3CoCl2Cobalt(II) chloride + 13KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 16H+Hydrogen ion3Co3+Cobalt(III) ion + 6KClO3Potassium chlorate + 13MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 7K+Potassium ion + 8H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCl2 | Cobalt(II) chloride | 3 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 13 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 16 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co3+ | Cobalt(III) ion | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| KClO3 | Potassium chlorate | 6 | Oxidized | – |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 13 | Reduced | – |
| K+ | Potassium ion | 7 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 8 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of cobalt(II) chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −825 kJ/mol K 3.42 × 10144 pK −144.53
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −1179 | −825 | −1178 | – |
per 1 mol of | −393.0 | −275 | −392.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −90.69 | −63.5 | −90.62 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −73.69 | −51.6 | −73.63 | – |
per 1 mol of Cobalt(III) ion | −393.0 | −275 | −392.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | −196.5 | −138 | −196.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −90.69 | −63.5 | −90.62 | – |
per 1 mol of Potassium ion | −168.4 | −118 | −168.3 | – |
per 1 mol of | −147.4 | −103 | −147.3 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CoCl2 (cr) | -312.5[1] | -269.8[1] | 109.16[1] | 78.49[1] |
| CoCl2 (ai) | -392.5[1] | -316.7[1] | 0[1] | – |
| CoCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -615[1] | – | – | – |
| CoCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -923.0[1] | -764.7[1] | 188[1] | – |
| CoCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2115.4[1] | -1725.2[1] | 343[1] | – |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co3+ (g) | 6082.7[1] | – | – | – |
| Co3+ (ao) | 92[1] | 134[1] | -305[1] | – |
| KClO3 (cr) | -397.73[1] | -296.25[1] | 143.1[1] | 100.25[1] |
| KClO3 (ai) | -356.35[1] | -291.22[1] | 264.8[1] | – |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| K+ (g) | 514.26[1] | – | – | – |
| K+ (ao) | -252.38[1] | -283.27[1] | 102.5[1] | 21.8[1] |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (am):Amorphous solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -312.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -269.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109.16 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 78.49 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -392.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -316.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -615. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -923.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -764.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2115.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1725.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 343. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 6082.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 92. kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 134. kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -305. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -397.73 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -296.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 143.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.25 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -356.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -291.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 514.26 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -252.38 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -283.27 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 102.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 21.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1