3MgCl2 + 6KMnO4 + 4H+ → Mg(MnO4)2 + 2Mg2+ + 6KClO + 4MnO2 + 2H2O
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- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 3MgCl2Magnesium chloride + 6KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 4H+Hydrogen ionMg(MnO4)2Magnesium permanganate + 2Mg2+Magnesium ion + 6KClOPotassium hypochlorite + 4MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 2H2OWater⟶
The reaction of magnesium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields magnesium permanganate, magnesium ion, potassium hypochlorite, manganese(IV) oxide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
- 3MgCl2Magnesium chloride + 6KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 4H+Hydrogen ionMg(MnO4)2Magnesium permanganate + 2Mg2+Magnesium ion + 6KClOPotassium hypochlorite + 4MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 2H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of magnesium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MgCl2 | Magnesium chloride | 3 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 6 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 4 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg(MnO4)2 | Magnesium permanganate | 1 | – | – |
| Mg2+ | Magnesium ion | 2 | – | – |
| KClO | Potassium hypochlorite | 6 | Oxidized | – |
| MnO2 | Manganese(IV) oxide | 4 | Reduced | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MgCl2 (cr) | -641.32[1] | -591.79[1] | 89.62[1] | 71.38[1] |
| MgCl2 (g) | -400.4[1] | – | – | – |
| MgCl2 (ai) | -801.15[1] | -717.1[1] | -25.1[1] | – |
| MgCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -966.63[1] | -861.74[1] | 137.2[1] | 115.27[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1279.72[1] | -1118.00[1] | 179.9[1] | 159.20[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1898.99[1] | -1623.29[1] | 264.0[1] | 241.42[1] |
| MgCl2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2499.02[1] | -2114.64[1] | 366.1[1] | 315.06[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg(MnO4)2 | – | – | – | – |
| Mg2+ (g) | 2348.504[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg2+ (ao) | -466.85[1] | -454.8[1] | -138.1[1] | – |
| KClO (ai) | -359.4[1] | -320.0[1] | 146[1] | – |
| MnO2 (cr) | -520.03[1] | -465.14[1] | 53.05[1] | 54.14[1] |
| MnO2 (am) precipitated | -502.5[1] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -641.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -591.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 89.62 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 71.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -400.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -801.15 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -717.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -25.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -966.63 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -861.74 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 137.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 115.27 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1279.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1118.00 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 179.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 159.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1898.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1623.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 241.42 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2499.02 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2114.64 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 366.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 315.06 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2348.504 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -466.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -454.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -138.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -359.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -320.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -520.03 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -465.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.05 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 54.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -502.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1