3NiSO4 🔥→ 3Ni + 3SO2↑ + 2O3↑
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- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate yields , sulfur dioxide, and (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
General equation
- Thermal decomposition with redox
- Thermally decomposable substanceSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
- Thermal decomposition of oxoacid salt with redox
- Oxoacid saltSelf redox agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiSO4 | Nickel(II) sulfate | 3 | Self redox agent | Thermally decomposable Oxoacid salt |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Reduced | – | ||
| SO2 | Sulfur dioxide | 3 | Reduced | – |
| 2 | Oxidized | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1704.9 kJ/mol K 0.21 × 10−298 pK 298.69
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2013.6 | 1704.9 | 1036 | −138 |
per 1 mol of | 671.20 | 568.30 | 345.3 | −46.0 |
| 671.20 | 568.30 | 345.3 | −46.0 | |
per 1 mol of | 671.20 | 568.30 | 345.3 | −46.0 |
| 1006.8 | 852.45 | 518.0 | −69.0 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1796.7 kJ/mol K 0.17 × 10−314 pK 314.77
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2284.5 | 1796.7 | 1638.5 | – |
per 1 mol of | 761.50 | 598.90 | 546.17 | – |
| 761.50 | 598.90 | 546.17 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 761.50 | 598.90 | 546.17 | – |
| 1142.3 | 898.35 | 819.25 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1818.5 kJ/mol K 0.26 × 10−318 pK 318.59
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2250.9 | 1818.5 | 1453 | – |
per 1 mol of | 750.30 | 606.17 | 484.3 | – |
| 750.30 | 606.17 | 484.3 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 750.30 | 606.17 | 484.3 | – |
| 1125.5 | 909.25 | 726.5 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1795.3 kJ/mol K 0.30 × 10−314 pK 314.52
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2206.1 | 1795.3 | 1379.6 | – |
per 1 mol of | 735.37 | 598.43 | 459.87 | – |
| 735.37 | 598.43 | 459.87 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 735.37 | 598.43 | 459.87 | – |
| 1103.0 | 897.65 | 689.80 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1817.1 kJ/mol K 0.45 × 10−318 pK 318.34
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2172.5 | 1817.1 | 1194 | – |
per 1 mol of | 724.17 | 605.70 | 398.0 | – |
| 724.17 | 605.70 | 398.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 724.17 | 605.70 | 398.0 | – |
| 1086.3 | 908.55 | 597.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (5)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1835.7 kJ/mol K 0.25 × 10−321 pK 321.60
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2242.8 | 1835.7 | 1366.1 | – |
per 1 mol of | 747.60 | 611.90 | 455.37 | – |
| 747.60 | 611.90 | 455.37 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 747.60 | 611.90 | 455.37 | – |
| 1121.4 | 917.85 | 683.05 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (6)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1857.5 kJ/mol K 0.38 × 10−325 pK 325.42
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2209.2 | 1857.5 | 1180 | – |
per 1 mol of | 736.40 | 619.17 | 393.3 | – |
| 736.40 | 619.17 | 393.3 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 736.40 | 619.17 | 393.3 | – |
| 1104.6 | 928.75 | 590.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (7)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1834.3 kJ/mol K 0.44 × 10−321 pK 321.36
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2164.4 | 1834.3 | 1107.2 | – |
per 1 mol of | 721.47 | 611.43 | 369.07 | – |
| 721.47 | 611.43 | 369.07 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 721.47 | 611.43 | 369.07 | – |
| 1082.2 | 917.15 | 553.60 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (8)
- Decomposition of nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 1856.1 kJ/mol K 0.67 × 10−325 pK 325.17
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 2130.8 | 1856.1 | 921 | – |
per 1 mol of | 710.27 | 618.70 | 307 | – |
| 710.27 | 618.70 | 307 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 710.27 | 618.70 | 307 | – |
| 1065.4 | 928.05 | 461 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NiSO4 (cr) | -872.91[1] | -759.7[1] | 92[1] | 138[1] |
| NiSO4 (ai) | -963.2[1] | -790.3[1] | -108.8[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (ao) | -949.3[1] | -803.3[1] | -18.0[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2104.1[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate α, tetragonal, green | -2682.82[1] | -2224.61[1] | 334.47[1] | 327.86[1] |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate β, monoclinic, blue | -2672.3[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 7 hydrate | -2976.33[1] | -2461.83[1] | 378.94[1] | 364.59[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 29.87[1] | 26.07[1] |
| (g) | 429.7[1] | 384.5[1] | 182.193[1] | 23.359[1] |
| SO2 (l) | -320.5[1] | – | – | – |
| SO2 (g) | -296.830[1] | -300.194[1] | 248.22[1] | 39.87[1] |
| SO2 (ao) | -322.980[1] | -300.676[1] | 161.9[1] | – |
| (g) | 142.7[1] | 163.2[1] | 238.93[1] | 39.20[1] |
| (ao) | 125.9[1] | 174.1[1] | 146[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -872.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -759.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 92. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -963.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -790.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -108.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -949.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -803.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -18.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2104.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2682.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2224.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 334.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 327.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2672.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2976.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2461.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 378.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 364.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 29.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 26.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 429.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 384.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.193 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 23.359 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -320.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -296.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.194 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 39.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -322.980 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -300.676 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 161.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 142.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 163.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 238.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 39.20 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 125.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 174.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146. J · K−1 · mol−1