3KClO + 2HNO3 🔥→ KClO3 + 2KNO2 + 2HClO
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The reaction of potassium hypochlorite and nitric acid yields potassium chlorate, potassium nitrite, and hypochlorous acid (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of potassium hypochlorite and nitric acid
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of potassium hypochlorite and nitric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KClO | Potassium hypochlorite | 3 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable |
| HNO3 | Nitric acid | 2 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KClO3 | Potassium chlorate | 1 | Oxidized | – |
| KNO2 | Potassium nitrite | 2 | Reduced | – |
| HClO | Hypochlorous acid | 2 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in aqueous solution
- Reaction of potassium hypochlorite and nitric acid◆
ΔrG 100.7 kJ/mol K 0.23 × 10−17 pK 17.64
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 181.0 | 100.7 | 269 | – |
per 1 mol of | 60.33 | 33.57 | 89.7 | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.50 | 50.35 | 135 | – |
per 1 mol of | 181.0 | 100.7 | 269 | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.50 | 50.35 | 135 | – |
per 1 mol of | 90.50 | 50.35 | 135 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KClO (ai) | -359.4[1] | -320.0[1] | 146[1] | – |
| HNO3 (l) | -174.10[1] | -80.71[1] | 155.60[1] | 109.87[1] |
| HNO3 (g) | -135.06[1] | -74.72[1] | 266.38[1] | 53.35[1] |
| HNO3 (ai) | -207.36[1] | -111.25[1] | 146.4[1] | -86.6[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 1 hydrate | -473.46[1] | -328.77[1] | 216.90[1] | 182.46[1] |
| HNO3 (l) 3 hydrate | -1056.04[1] | -811.09[1] | 346.98[1] | 325.14[1] |
* (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KClO3 (cr) | -397.73[1] | -296.25[1] | 143.1[1] | 100.25[1] |
| KClO3 (ai) | -356.35[1] | -291.22[1] | 264.8[1] | – |
| KNO2 (cr) rhombic | -369.82[1] | -306.55[1] | 152.09[1] | 107.40[1] |
| KNO2 (ai) | -356.9[1] | -315.4[1] | 225.5[1] | – |
| HClO (g) | -78.7[1] | -66.1[1] | 236.67[1] | 37.15[1] |
| HClO (ao) | -120.9[1] | -79.9[1] | 142[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -359.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -320.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -174.10 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -80.71 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 155.60 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 109.87 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -135.06 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -74.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 266.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 53.35 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -207.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -111.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -86.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -473.46 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -328.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 216.90 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 182.46 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1056.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -811.09 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 346.98 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 325.14 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -397.73 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -296.25 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 143.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.25 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -356.35 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -291.22 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 264.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -369.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -306.55 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 152.09 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 107.40 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -356.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -315.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 225.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -78.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -66.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 236.67 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 37.15 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -120.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 142. J · K−1 · mol−1