4NH4Cl + 7O2 → 4HNO2 + 2Cl2 + 6H2O
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- Reaction of ammonium chloride and
The reaction of ammonium chloride and yields nitrous acid, , and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and
General equation
- Reaction of reducing species and oxidizing species
- Reducing speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4Cl | Ammonium chloride | 4 | Reducing | Reducing |
| 7 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HNO2 | Nitrous acid | 4 | Redoxed product | – |
| 2 | Oxidized | – | ||
| H2O | Water | 6 | Reduced | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and ◆
ΔrG −897.9 kJ/mol K 2.02 × 10157 pK −157.31
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −911.2 | −897.9 | −47.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −227.8 | −224.5 | −12.0 | – |
| −130.2 | −128.3 | −6.84 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −227.8 | −224.5 | −12.0 | – |
| −455.6 | −448.9 | −23.9 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −151.9 | −149.7 | −7.98 | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of ammonium chloride and ◆
ΔrG −884.0 kJ/mol K 7.41 × 10154 pK −154.87
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −958.0 | −884.0 | −252 | – |
per 1 mol of | −239.5 | −221.0 | −63.0 | – |
| −136.9 | −126.3 | −36.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −239.5 | −221.0 | −63.0 | – |
| −479.0 | −442.0 | −126 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −159.7 | −147.3 | −42.0 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NH4Cl (cr) | -314.43[1] | -202.87[1] | 94.6[1] | 84.1[1] |
| NH4Cl (ai) | -299.66[1] | -210.52[1] | 169.9[1] | -56.5[1] |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 205.138[1] | 29.355[1] |
| (ao) | -11.7[1] | 16.4[1] | 110.9[1] | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HNO2 (g) cis | -77.99[1] | -42.94[1] | 248.76[1] | 44.77[1] |
| HNO2 (g) trans | -80.12[1] | -45.24[1] | 249.22[1] | 46.07[1] |
| HNO2 (g) | -79.5[1] | -46.0[1] | 254.1[1] | 45.6[1] |
| HNO2 (ao) | -119.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 135.6[1] | – |
| (g) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 223.066[1] | 33.907[1] |
| (ao) | -23.4[1] | 6.94[1] | 121[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -314.43 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -202.87 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 94.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 84.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -299.66 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -210.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 169.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -56.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 205.138 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 29.355 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -11.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 16.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 110.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.99 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -42.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 248.76 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.77 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -80.12 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -45.24 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 249.22 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 46.07 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -46.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 45.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -119.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 135.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 223.066 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.907 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -23.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 6.94 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 121. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1