4BCl3 + 3KMnO4 → 2B2O3 + 3ClO2 + 3MnCl2 + 3KCl
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- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
The reaction of and potassium permanganate yields diboron trioxide, chlorine dioxide, manganese(II) chloride, and potassium chloride (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
General equation
- Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species
- Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Reducing | Hardly oxidizable | ||
| KMnO4 | Potassium permanganate | 3 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B2O3 | Diboron trioxide | 2 | – | – |
| ClO2 | Chlorine dioxide | 3 | Oxidized | – |
| MnCl2 | Manganese(II) chloride | 3 | Reduced | – |
| KCl | Potassium chloride | 3 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −807.0 kJ/mol K 2.40 × 10141 pK −141.38
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −865.5 | −807.0 | −194.58 | 20.87 |
| −216.4 | −201.8 | −48.645 | 5.218 | |
per 1 mol of | −288.5 | −269.0 | −64.860 | 6.957 |
per 1 mol of | −432.8 | −403.5 | −97.290 | 10.44 |
per 1 mol of | −288.5 | −269.0 | −64.860 | 6.957 |
per 1 mol of | −288.5 | −269.0 | −64.860 | 6.957 |
per 1 mol of | −288.5 | −269.0 | −64.860 | 6.957 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate◆
ΔrG −784.3 kJ/mol K 2.53 × 10137 pK −137.40
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −829.0 | −784.3 | −146.9 | 17.2 |
| −207.3 | −196.1 | −36.73 | 4.30 | |
per 1 mol of | −276.3 | −261.4 | −48.97 | 5.73 |
per 1 mol of | −414.5 | −392.1 | −73.45 | 8.60 |
per 1 mol of | −276.3 | −261.4 | −48.97 | 5.73 |
per 1 mol of | −276.3 | −261.4 | −48.97 | 5.73 |
per 1 mol of | −276.3 | −261.4 | −48.97 | 5.73 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of and potassium permanganate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | – | – | – |
| – | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | – | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| (l) | -427.2[1] | -387.4[1] | 206.3[1] | 106.7[1] |
| (g) | -403.76[1] | -388.72[1] | 290.10[1] | 62.72[1] |
| KMnO4 (cr) | -837.2[1] | -737.6[1] | 171.71[1] | 117.57[1] |
| KMnO4 (ai) | -793.8[1] | -730.5[1] | 293.7[1] | -60.2[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (l):Liquid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B2O3 (cr) | -1272.77[1] | -1193.65[1] | 53.97[1] | 62.93[1] |
| B2O3 (am) | -1254.53[1] | -1182.3[1] | 77.8[1] | 61.1[1] |
| B2O3 (g) | -843.79[1] | -831.97[1] | 279.81[1] | 66.86[1] |
| ClO2 (g) | 102.5[1] | 120.5[1] | 256.84[1] | 41.97[1] |
| ClO2 (ao) | 74.9[1] | 120.1[1] | 164.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) | -481.29[1] | -440.50[1] | 118.24[1] | 72.93[1] |
| MnCl2 (g) | -263.6[1] | – | – | – |
| MnCl2 (ai) | -555.05[1] | -490.8[1] | 38.9[1] | -222[1] |
| MnCl2 (ao) | – | -492.0[1] | – | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 1 hydrate | -789.9[1] | -696.1[1] | 174.1[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1092.0[1] | -942.1[1] | 218.8[1] | – |
| MnCl2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1687.4[1] | -1423.6[1] | 303.3[1] | – |
| KCl (cr) | -436.747[1] | -409.14[1] | 82.59[1] | 51.30[1] |
| KCl (g) | -214.14[1] | -233.0[1] | 239.10[1] | 36.48[1] |
| KCl (ai) | -419.53[1] | -414.49[1] | 159.0[1] | -114.6[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, -427.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -387.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 206.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 106.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -403.76 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -388.72 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 290.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 62.72 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -737.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 171.71 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 117.57 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -793.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -730.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 293.7 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -60.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1272.77 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1193.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 53.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 62.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1254.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1182.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 77.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 61.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -843.79 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -831.97 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 279.81 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 66.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 102.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 256.84 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 41.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 74.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 120.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 164.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -481.29 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -440.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 118.24 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 72.93 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -263.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -555.05 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -490.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 38.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -222. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -492.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -789.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -696.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 174.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1092.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -942.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 218.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1687.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1423.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 303.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -436.747 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -409.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 51.30 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -214.14 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -233.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 239.10 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 36.48 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -419.53 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -414.49 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 159.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, -114.6 J · K−1 · mol−1