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4CdCl2 + 5KMnO4 + 8H+ → 4Cd2+ + 3ClO2↑ + 5MnO2 + 5KCl + 4H2O

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Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
4CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 5KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 8H+Hydrogen ion
⟶
4Cd2+Cadmium ion + 3ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 5MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 5KClPotassium chloride + 4H2OWater

The reaction of cadmium chloride, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen ion yields cadmium ion, chlorine dioxide, manganese(IV) oxide, potassium chloride, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:

Table of contents
  1. 1Reaction data
  2. 2Thermodynamic changes
  3. 3References
  4. 4Related reactions
  5. 5Related categories

Reaction data

Chemical equation

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
4CdCl2Cadmium chloride + 5KMnO4Potassium permanganate + 8H+Hydrogen ion
⟶
4Cd2+Cadmium ion + 3ClO2↑Chlorine dioxide + 5MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide + 5KClPotassium chloride + 4H2OWater

General equation

Reaction of hardly oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
Hardly oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent
⟶
ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product

Oxidation state of each atom

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition

Reactants

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
CdCl2Cadmium chloride4
Reducing
Hardly oxidizable
KMnO4Potassium permanganate5
Oxidizing
Oxidizing under acidic condition
H+Hydrogen ion8
–
Hydrogen ion

Products

Chemical formulaNameCoefficientTypeType in general
equation
Cd2+Cadmium ion4
–
–
ClO2Chlorine dioxide3
Oxidized
–
MnO2Manganese(IV) oxide5
Reduced
–
KClPotassium chloride5
–
–
H2OWater4
–
Water

Thermodynamic changes

Changes in standard condition (1)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
◆
ΔrG−282.8 kJ/mol
K3.50 × 1049
pK−49.54
4CdCl2Ionized aqueous solution + 5KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution + 8H+Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
4Cd2+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3ClO2↑Gas + 5MnO2Crystalline solid + 5KClIonized aqueous solution + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−227.4−282.8190.3–
per 1 mol of
−56.85−70.7047.58–
−45.48−56.5638.06–
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
−28.43−35.3523.79–
per 1 mol of
Cadmium ion
−56.85−70.7047.58–
per 1 mol of
−75.80−94.2763.43–
−45.48−56.5638.06–
per 1 mol of
−45.48−56.5638.06–
per 1 mol of
−56.85−70.7047.58–

Changes in standard condition (2)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
◆
ΔrG−284.0 kJ/mol
K5.68 × 1049
pK−49.75
4CdCl2Ionized aqueous solution + 5KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution + 8H+Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
4Cd2+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3ClO2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5MnO2Crystalline solid + 5KClIonized aqueous solution + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−310.2−284.0−85.8–
per 1 mol of
−77.55−71.00−21.4–
−62.04−56.80−17.2–
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
−38.77−35.50−10.7–
per 1 mol of
Cadmium ion
−77.55−71.00−21.4–
per 1 mol of
−103.4−94.67−28.6–
−62.04−56.80−17.2–
per 1 mol of
−62.04−56.80−17.2–
per 1 mol of
−77.55−71.00−21.4–

Changes in standard condition (3)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
◆
ΔrG−206.0 kJ/mol
K1.23 × 1036
pK−36.09
4CdCl2Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution + 8H+Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
4Cd2+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3ClO2↑Gas + 5MnO2Crystalline solid + 5KClIonized aqueous solution + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−248.2−206.0−138.1–
per 1 mol of
−62.05−51.50−34.52–
−49.64−41.20−27.62–
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
−31.02−25.75−17.26–
per 1 mol of
Cadmium ion
−62.05−51.50−34.52–
per 1 mol of
−82.73−68.67−46.03–
−49.64−41.20−27.62–
per 1 mol of
−49.64−41.20−27.62–
per 1 mol of
−62.05−51.50−34.52–

Changes in standard condition (4)

Reaction of cadmium chloride and potassium permanganate under acidic condition
◆
ΔrG−207.2 kJ/mol
K1.99 × 1036
pK−36.30
4CdCl2Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5KMnO4Ionized aqueous solution + 8H+Un-ionized aqueous solution
⟶
4Cd2+Un-ionized aqueous solution + 3ClO2↑Un-ionized aqueous solution + 5MnO2Crystalline solid + 5KClIonized aqueous solution + 4H2OLiquid
Standard enthalpy
of reaction
ΔrH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
Gibbs energy
of reaction
ΔrG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard entropy
of reaction
ΔrS°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard heat
capacity of reaction
at constant pressure
ΔrCp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
per 1 mol of
Equation
−331.0−207.2−414.2–
per 1 mol of
−82.75−51.80−103.5–
−66.20−41.44−82.84–
per 1 mol of
Hydrogen ion
−41.38−25.90−51.77–
per 1 mol of
Cadmium ion
−82.75−51.80−103.5–
per 1 mol of
−110.3−69.07−138.1–
−66.20−41.44−82.84–
per 1 mol of
−66.20−41.44−82.84–
per 1 mol of
−82.75−51.80−103.5–

Thermodynamic data of reactants

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
CdCl2 (cr)-391.50[1]-343.93[1]115.27[1]74.68[1]
CdCl2 (ai)-410.20[1]-340.068[1]39.7[1]–
CdCl2 (ao)-405.0[1]-359.29[1]121.8[1]–
CdCl2 (cr)
1 hydrate
-688.44[1]-586.975[1]167.8[1]–
CdCl2 (cr)
2.5 hydrate
-1131.94[1]-943.939[1]227.2[1]–
KMnO4 (cr)-837.2[1]-737.6[1]171.71[1]117.57[1]
KMnO4 (ai)-793.8[1]-730.5[1]293.7[1]-60.2[1]
H+ (g)1536.202[1]–––
H+ (ao)0[1]0[1]0[1]0[1]
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas

Thermodynamic data of products

Chemical formulaStandard enthalpy
of formation
ΔfH°
kJ · mol−1		Standard Gibbs
energy of
formation
ΔfG°
kJ · mol−1		Standard
molar entropy
S°
J · K−1 · mol−1		Standard molar
heat capacity at
constant pressure
Cp°
J · K−1 · mol−1
Cd2+ (g)2623.54[1]–––
Cd2+ (ao)-75.90[1]-77.612[1]-73.2[1]–
ClO2 (g)102.5[1]120.5[1]256.84[1]41.97[1]
ClO2 (ao)74.9[1]120.1[1]164.8[1]–
MnO2 (cr)-520.03[1]-465.14[1]53.05[1]54.14[1]
MnO2 (am)
precipitated
-502.5[1]–––
KCl (cr)-436.747[1]-409.14[1]82.59[1]51.30[1]
KCl (g)-214.14[1]-233.0[1]239.10[1]36.48[1]
KCl (ai)-419.53[1]-414.49[1]159.0[1]-114.6[1]
H2O (cr)––––
H2O (l)-285.830[1]-237.129[1]69.91[1]75.291[1]
H2O (g)-241.818[1]-228.572[1]188.825[1]33.577[1]
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid, (am):Amorphous solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid

References

List of references

  1. 1
    Janiel J. Reed (1989)
    The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI Units
    National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)