4Cu + Mg(ClO4)2 + 6H+ → 4Cu+ + HClO2 + Mg2+ + HClO4 + 2H2O
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- Reaction of and magnesium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 4 + Mg(ClO4)2Magnesium perchlorate + 6H+Hydrogen ion4Cu+Copper(I) ion + HClO2Chlorous acid + Mg2+Magnesium ion + HClO4Perchloric acid + 2H2OWater⟶
The reaction of , magnesium perchlorate, and hydrogen ion yields copper(I) ion, chlorous acid, magnesium ion, perchloric acid, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and magnesium perchlorate under acidic condition
- 4 + Mg(ClO4)2Magnesium perchlorate + 6H+Hydrogen ion4Cu+Copper(I) ion + HClO2Chlorous acid + Mg2+Magnesium ion + HClO4Perchloric acid + 2H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and magnesium perchlorate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| Mg(ClO4)2 | Magnesium perchlorate | 1 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 6 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu+ | Copper(I) ion | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| HClO2 | Chlorous acid | 1 | Reduced | – |
| Mg2+ | Magnesium ion | 1 | – | – |
| HClO4 | Perchloric acid | 1 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 2 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and magnesium perchlorate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −260.0 kJ/mol K 3.55 × 1045 pK −45.55
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | −207.6 | −260.0 | 175.9 | – |
| −51.90 | −65.00 | 43.98 | – | |
per 1 mol of | −207.6 | −260.0 | 175.9 | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | −34.60 | −43.33 | 29.32 | – |
per 1 mol of Copper(I) ion | −51.90 | −65.00 | 43.98 | – |
per 1 mol of | −207.6 | −260.0 | 175.9 | – |
per 1 mol of Magnesium ion | −207.6 | −260.0 | 175.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −207.6 | −260.0 | 175.9 | – |
per 1 mol of | −103.8 | −130.0 | 87.95 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) | -568.90[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (ai) | -725.51[1] | -471.8[1] | 225.9[1] | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) 2 hydrate | -1218.8[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) 4 hydrate | -1837.2[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg(ClO4)2 (cr) 6 hydrate | -2445.5[1] | -1862.7[1] | 520.9[1] | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cu+ (g) | 1089.986[1] | – | – | – |
| Cu+ (ao) | 71.67[1] | 49.98[1] | 40.6[1] | – |
| HClO2 (ao) | -51.9[1] | 5.9[1] | 188.3[1] | – |
| Mg2+ (g) | 2348.504[1] | – | – | – |
| Mg2+ (ao) | -466.85[1] | -454.8[1] | -138.1[1] | – |
| HClO4 (l) | -40.58[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (ai) | -129.33[1] | -8.52[1] | 182.0[1] | – |
| HClO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -382.21[1] | – | – | – |
| HClO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -677.98[1] | – | – | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (cr):Crystalline solid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 33.150 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.435 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 338.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 298.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -568.90 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -725.51 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -471.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 225.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1218.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1837.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2445.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1862.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 520.9 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1089.986 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 71.67 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 49.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 40.6 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -51.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 5.9 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2348.504 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -466.85 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -454.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -138.1 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -40.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -129.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -8.52 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 182.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -382.21 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -677.98 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1