4Cu + 5HgSO4 + 8H+ → 4CuSO4 + HgS + 4Hg2+ + 4H2O
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- Reaction of and mercury(II) sulfate under acidic condition
- 4 + 5HgSO4Mercury(II) sulfate + 8H+Hydrogen ion4CuSO4Copper(II) sulfate + HgSMercury(II) sulfide + 4Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + 4H2OWater⟶
The reaction of , mercury(II) sulfate, and hydrogen ion yields copper(II) sulfate, mercury(II) sulfide, mercury(II) ion, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and mercury(II) sulfate under acidic condition
- 4 + 5HgSO4Mercury(II) sulfate + 8H+Hydrogen ion4CuSO4Copper(II) sulfate + HgSMercury(II) sulfide + 4Hg2+Mercury(II) ion + 4H2OWater⟶
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and oxidizing species under acidic condition
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Oxidizing speciesOxidizing agent + H+Non-redox agent ⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product + H2ONon-redox product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and mercury(II) sulfate under acidic condition
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| HgSO4 | Mercury(II) sulfate | 5 | Oxidizing | Oxidizing under acidic condition |
| H+ | Hydrogen ion | 8 | – | Hydrogen ion |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 | Copper(II) sulfate | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| HgS | Mercury(II) sulfide | 1 | Reduced | – |
| Hg2+ | Mercury(II) ion | 4 | – | – |
| H2O | Water | 4 | – | Water |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of and mercury(II) sulfate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −169.2 kJ/mol K 4.39 × 1029 pK −29.64
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −169.2 | – | – |
| – | −42.30 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | −33.84 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | −21.15 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −42.30 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −169.2 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | – | −42.30 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −42.30 | – | – |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of and mercury(II) sulfate under acidic condition◆
ΔrG −47.7 kJ/mol K 2.27 × 108 pK −8.36
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | −47.7 | – | – |
| – | −11.9 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | −9.54 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Hydrogen ion | – | −5.96 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −11.9 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −47.7 | – | – |
per 1 mol of Mercury(II) ion | – | −11.9 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | −11.9 | – | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| HgSO4 (cr) | -707.5[1] | – | – | – |
| HgSO4 (ao) | – | -588.2[1] | – | – |
| H+ (g) | 1536.202[1] | – | – | – |
| H+ (ao) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] | 0[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 (cr) | -771.36[1] | -661.8[1] | 109[1] | 100.0[1] |
| CuSO4 (ai) | -844.50[1] | -679.04[1] | -79.5[1] | – |
| CuSO4 (ao) | – | -692.18[1] | – | – |
| CuSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1085.83[1] | -918.11[1] | 146.0[1] | 134[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1684.31[1] | -1399.96[1] | 221.3[1] | 205[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 5 hydrate | -2279.65[1] | -1879.745[1] | 300.4[1] | 280[1] |
| HgS (cr) red | -58.2[1] | -50.6[1] | 82.4[1] | 48.41[1] |
| HgS (cr) black | -53.6[1] | -47.7[1] | 88.3[1] | – |
| HgS (g) | – | – | 254.75[1] | – |
| Hg2+ (g) | 2890.47[1] | – | – | – |
| Hg2+ (ao) | 171.1[1] | 164.40[1] | -32.2[1] | – |
| H2O (cr) | – | – | – | – |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 33.150 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.435 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 338.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 298.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -707.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -588.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 1536.202 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -771.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -661.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -844.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -679.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -79.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -692.18 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1085.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -918.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 134. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1684.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1399.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 221.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 205. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2279.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1879.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 300.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 280. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -58.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -50.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 82.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 48.41 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -53.6 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -47.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 88.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ S°, 254.75 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 2890.47 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 171.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 164.40 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -32.2 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -285.830 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -237.129 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 69.91 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 75.291 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -241.818 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -228.572 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 188.825 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 33.577 J · K−1 · mol−1