4Cu + 5NiSO4 🔥→ 4CuSO4 + NiS + 4NiO
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- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate
The reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate yields copper(II) sulfate, nickel(II) sulfide, and nickel(II) oxide (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and reducible species
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent🔥⟶ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| NiSO4 | Nickel(II) sulfate | 5 | Oxidizing | Reducible |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 | Copper(II) sulfate | 4 | Oxidized | – |
| NiS | Nickel(II) sulfide | 1 | Reduced | – |
| NiO | Nickel(II) oxide | 4 | – | – |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition (1)
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 225.0 kJ/mol K 0.38 × 10−39 pK 39.42
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 238.3 | 225.0 | 48 | −163 |
| 59.58 | 56.25 | 12 | −40.8 | |
per 1 mol of | 47.66 | 45.00 | 9.6 | −32.6 |
per 1 mol of | 59.58 | 56.25 | 12 | −40.8 |
per 1 mol of | 238.3 | 225.0 | 48 | −163 |
per 1 mol of | 59.58 | 56.25 | 12 | −40.8 |
Changes in standard condition (2)
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 242.9 | – | – | – |
| 60.73 | – | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | 48.58 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 60.73 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 242.9 | – | – | – |
per 1 mol of | 60.73 | – | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 256.5 kJ/mol K 0.12 × 10−44 pK 44.94
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 256.5 | – | – |
| – | 64.13 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | 51.30 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 64.13 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 256.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 64.13 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 378.0 kJ/mol K 0.60 × 10−66 pK 66.22
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 689.8 | 378.0 | 1052 | – |
| 172.4 | 94.50 | 263.0 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 138.0 | 75.60 | 210.4 | – |
per 1 mol of | 172.4 | 94.50 | 263.0 | – |
per 1 mol of | 689.8 | 378.0 | 1052 | – |
per 1 mol of | 172.4 | 94.50 | 263.0 | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 321.5 kJ/mol K 0.47 × 10−56 pK 56.32
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | – | 321.5 | – | – |
| – | 80.38 | – | – | |
per 1 mol of | – | 64.30 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 80.38 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 321.5 | – | – |
per 1 mol of | – | 80.38 | – | – |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of and nickel(II) sulfate◆
ΔrG 443.0 kJ/mol K 0.25 × 10−77 pK 77.61
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ΔrH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ΔrG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard entropy of reaction ΔrS° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ΔrCp° J · K−1 · mol−1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 620.3 | 443.0 | 598 | – |
| 155.1 | 110.8 | 150 | – | |
per 1 mol of | 124.1 | 88.60 | 120 | – |
per 1 mol of | 155.1 | 110.8 | 150 | – |
per 1 mol of | 620.3 | 443.0 | 598 | – |
per 1 mol of | 155.1 | 110.8 | 150 | – |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| NiSO4 (cr) | -872.91[1] | -759.7[1] | 92[1] | 138[1] |
| NiSO4 (ai) | -963.2[1] | -790.3[1] | -108.8[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (ao) | -949.3[1] | -803.3[1] | -18.0[1] | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 4 hydrate | -2104.1[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate α, tetragonal, green | -2682.82[1] | -2224.61[1] | 334.47[1] | 327.86[1] |
| NiSO4 (cr) 6 hydrate β, monoclinic, blue | -2672.3[1] | – | – | – |
| NiSO4 (cr) 7 hydrate | -2976.33[1] | -2461.83[1] | 378.94[1] | 364.59[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 (cr) | -771.36[1] | -661.8[1] | 109[1] | 100.0[1] |
| CuSO4 (ai) | -844.50[1] | -679.04[1] | -79.5[1] | – |
| CuSO4 (ao) | – | -692.18[1] | – | – |
| CuSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1085.83[1] | -918.11[1] | 146.0[1] | 134[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1684.31[1] | -1399.96[1] | 221.3[1] | 205[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 5 hydrate | -2279.65[1] | -1879.745[1] | 300.4[1] | 280[1] |
| NiS (cr) | -82.0[1] | -79.5[1] | 52.97[1] | 47.11[1] |
| NiS (cr) precipitated | -77.4[1] | – | – | – |
| NiO (cr) | -239.7[1] | -211.7[1] | 37.99[1] | 44.31[1] |
| NiO (g) | 314[1] | – | – | – |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ΔfH°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 33.150 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 24.435 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 338.32 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, 298.58 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 166.38 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 20.786 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -872.91 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -759.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 92. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 138. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -963.2 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -790.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -108.8 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -949.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -803.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -18.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2104.1 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2682.82 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2224.61 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 334.47 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 327.86 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2672.3 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2976.33 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -2461.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 378.94 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 364.59 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -771.36 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -661.8 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 109. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 100.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -844.50 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -679.04 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, -79.5 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -692.18 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1085.83 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -918.11 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 146.0 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 134. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -1684.31 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1399.96 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 221.3 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 205. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -2279.65 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -1879.745 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 300.4 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 280. J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -82.0 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -79.5 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 52.97 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 47.11 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -77.4 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, -239.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ ΔfG°, -211.7 kJ · mol−1
- ^ S°, 37.99 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ Cp°, 44.31 J · K−1 · mol−1
- ^ ΔfH°, 314. kJ · mol−1