4Cu + 5H2SO4 ๐ฅโ 4CuSO4 + H2Sโ + 4H2O
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- Reaction of and sulfuric acid
The reaction of and sulfuric acid yields copper(II) sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, and water (Other reactions are here). This reaction is an oxidation-reduction reaction and is classified as follows:
Table of contents
Reaction data
Chemical equation
- Reaction of and sulfuric acid
General equation
- Reaction of oxidizable species and reducible species
- Oxidizable speciesReducing agent + Reducible speciesOxidizing agent๐ฅโถ ProductOxidation product + ProductReduction product
Oxidation state of each atom
- Reaction of and sulfuric acid
Reactants
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | Reducing | Oxidizable | ||
| H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid | 5 | Oxidizing | Reducible |
Products
| Chemical formula | Name | Coefficient | Type | Type in general equation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 | Copper(II) sulfate | 4 | Oxidized | โ |
| H2S | Hydrogen sulfide | 1 | Reduced | โ |
| H2O | Water | 4 | โ | โ |
Thermodynamic changes
Changes in standard condition
- Reaction of and sulfuric acidโ
ฮrG โ179.3 kJ/mol K 2.58 ร 1031 pK โ31.41
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ179.45 | โ179.3 | 4 | โ56.9 |
| โ44.862 | โ44.83 | 1 | โ14.2 | |
per 1 mol of | โ35.890 | โ35.86 | 0.8 | โ11.4 |
per 1 mol of | โ44.862 | โ44.83 | 1 | โ14.2 |
per 1 mol of | โ179.45 | โ179.3 | 4 | โ56.9 |
per 1 mol of | โ44.862 | โ44.83 | 1 | โ14.2 |
Changes in aqueous solution (1)
- Reaction of and sulfuric acidโ
ฮrG โ28.15 kJ/mol K 8.54 ร 104 pK โ4.93
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | โ28.15 | โ | โ |
| โ | โ7.037 | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ5.630 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ7.037 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ28.15 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ7.037 | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (2)
- Reaction of and sulfuric acidโ
ฮrG โ22.42 kJ/mol K 8.47 ร 103 pK โ3.93
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | โ | โ22.42 | โ | โ |
| โ | โ5.605 | โ | โ | |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ4.484 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ5.605 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ22.42 | โ | โ |
per 1 mol of | โ | โ5.605 | โ | โ |
Changes in aqueous solution (3)
- Reaction of and sulfuric acidโ
ฮrG 93.4 kJ/mol K 0.43 ร 10โ16 pK 16.36
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 296.96 | 93.4 | 688 | 2103 |
| 74.240 | 23.4 | 172 | 525.8 | |
per 1 mol of | 59.392 | 18.7 | 138 | 420.6 |
per 1 mol of | 74.240 | 23.4 | 172 | 525.8 |
per 1 mol of | 296.96 | 93.4 | 688 | 2103 |
per 1 mol of | 74.240 | 23.4 | 172 | 525.8 |
Changes in aqueous solution (4)
- Reaction of and sulfuric acidโ
ฮrG 99.1 kJ/mol K 0.43 ร 10โ17 pK 17.36
| Standard enthalpy of reaction ฮrHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of reaction ฮrGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard entropy of reaction ฮrSยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard heat capacity of reaction at constant pressure ฮrCpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1 mol of Equation | 277.9 | 99.1 | 604 | โ |
| 69.47 | 24.8 | 151 | โ | |
per 1 mol of | 55.58 | 19.8 | 121 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 69.47 | 24.8 | 151 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 277.9 | 99.1 | 604 | โ |
per 1 mol of | 69.47 | 24.8 | 151 | โ |
Thermodynamic data of reactants
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (cr) | 0[1] | 0[1] | 33.150[1] | 24.435[1] |
| (g) | 338.32[1] | 298.58[1] | 166.38[1] | 20.786[1] |
| H2SO4 (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2SO4 (l) | -813.989[1] | -690.003[1] | 156.904[1] | 138.91[1] |
| H2SO4 (ai) | -909.27[1] | -744.53[1] | 20.1[1] | -293[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 1 hydrate | -1127.621[1] | -950.383[1] | 211.54[1] | 214.85[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 2 hydrate | -1427.100[1] | -1199.650[1] | 276.40[1] | 260.83[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 3 hydrate | -1720.402[1] | -1443.980[1] | 345.39[1] | 318.95[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 4 hydrate | -2011.199[1] | -1685.863[1] | 414.59[1] | 382.21[1] |
| H2SO4 (l) 6.5 hydrate | -2733.256[1] | -2285.734[1] | 587.89[1] | 570.28[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution
Thermodynamic data of products
| Chemical formula | Standard enthalpy of formation ฮfHยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ฮfGยฐ kJ ยท molโ1 | Standard molar entropy Sยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cpยฐ J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CuSO4 (cr) | -771.36[1] | -661.8[1] | 109[1] | 100.0[1] |
| CuSO4 (ai) | -844.50[1] | -679.04[1] | -79.5[1] | โ |
| CuSO4 (ao) | โ | -692.18[1] | โ | โ |
| CuSO4 (cr) 1 hydrate | -1085.83[1] | -918.11[1] | 146.0[1] | 134[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 3 hydrate | -1684.31[1] | -1399.96[1] | 221.3[1] | 205[1] |
| CuSO4 (cr) 5 hydrate | -2279.65[1] | -1879.745[1] | 300.4[1] | 280[1] |
| H2S (g) | -20.63[1] | -33.56[1] | 205.79[1] | 34.23[1] |
| H2S (ao) | -39.7[1] | -27.83[1] | 121[1] | โ |
| H2O (cr) | โ | โ | โ | โ |
| H2O (l) | -285.830[1] | -237.129[1] | 69.91[1] | 75.291[1] |
| H2O (g) | -241.818[1] | -228.572[1] | 188.825[1] | 33.577[1] |
* (cr):Crystalline solid, (ai):Ionized aqueous solution, (ao):Un-ionized aqueous solution, (g):Gas, (l):Liquid
References
List of references
- 1Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 0 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 33.150 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 24.435 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, 338.32 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, 298.58 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 166.38 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 20.786 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -813.989 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -690.003 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 156.904 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 138.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -909.27 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -744.53 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 20.1 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, -293. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1127.621 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -950.383 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 211.54 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 214.85 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1427.100 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1199.650 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 276.40 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 260.83 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1720.402 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1443.980 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 345.39 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 318.95 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2011.199 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1685.863 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 414.59 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 382.21 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2733.256 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -2285.734 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 587.89 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 570.28 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -771.36 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -661.8 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 109. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 100.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -844.50 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -679.04 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, -79.5 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -692.18 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1085.83 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -918.11 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 146.0 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 134. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -1684.31 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1399.96 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 221.3 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 205. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -2279.65 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -1879.745 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 300.4 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 280. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -20.63 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -33.56 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 205.79 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 34.23 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -39.7 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -27.83 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 121. J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -285.830 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -237.129 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 69.91 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 75.291 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfHยฐ, -241.818 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ ฮfGยฐ, -228.572 kJ ยท molโ1
- ^ Sยฐ, 188.825 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1
- ^ Cpยฐ, 33.577 J ยท Kโ1 ยท molโ1